Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume II.djvu/1056

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STENA.

territory of Capena in southern Etruria. It was from this district that the Stellatine tribe derived its name (Fest. s. v. Stellatina). [ E. H. B. ]

STENA, a station in Macedonia, on the road from Tauriana (Doïrán) to Stobi (Peut. Tab.), which is evidently the pass now called Demirkapi, or "Iron Gate," where the river Axius is closely bordered by perpendicular rocks, which in one place have been excavated for the road (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iii. p. 442.) [ E. B. J. ]

STE'NTORIS LACUS (SrerTopis ifj.yri, Herod, vii. 58; Acropol. p. 64), a lake on the south-east coast of Thrace, formed by the Hebrus, and opening into the Aei;ean near the town of Aenos. Pliny (iv. 11. s. 18) incorrectly places on it a Stkntoris PoiiTUS ; and JIannert conjectures that perbaps the right reading in Herodotus (/. c.) is Ai,ueVa, not Ai/xvriv. [J. R.]

STENUS, a river of Thrace, mentioned by Jlela only (ii. 2. § 8) as near Maronea, on the south coast. I'lie name is probably corrupt, as it occurs in the MSS. in a great variety of forms, — Stenos, Stonos, Schoenus, Scenus, Sithenos, &c. (See Tzschueke, ad lac). [J. R.]

STENYCLA'RUS (;S,T€v6Kapo9, 'S.TevvKX-npos: Eth. 'S.revvKKripios), a town in the north of Jles- senin, and the capital of the Dorian conquerors, built by Cresphontes. Andania had been the an- cient capital of the country. (Pans. iv. 3. § 7; Strab. viii. p. 361.) The town afterwards ceased to exist, but its name was given to the northern of tlie two Messenian plains. (Paus. iv. 33. § 4, iv. 15. § 8; Herod, ix. 64.) [Messenia, p. 341.]

STEPHANAPHANA, more correctly, perhaps, Stephani Fanum, a place in Illyris Graeca, on the Via Egnatia {Itiii. Ilieros. p. 608). It was the castle of St. Stephen (rov ayiov Srecfia^'ou), repaired by Justinian. (Procop. de Aed. iv. 4.) Lapie places it on the river Boscovkza. [T. H. D.]

STEPHANE (STf^arrj), a small port town on the coast of Paphl.agonia, according to Arrian (Perijjl. P. E. p. 15) 180 stadia east of Cimolis, but according to Mareian (p. 72) only 150. The place was mentioned as early as the time of Hecataeus as a town of the Mariandyni (Steph. B. s. v. 'S.recpavis), under the name of Stephanis. (Comp. Scylax, p. 34; Ptol. V. 4. § 2.) The modern village oi Stephanio or Estifaii probably occupies the site of the ancient Stephane. [L. S.]

STEREO'NTIUM (2r€/36oVrioi/),a town inNorth- western Germany, probably in the country of the Bructeri or Marsi, the exact site of which cannot be ascertained. (Ptol. ii. 11. § 27.) [L. S.]

STIPHANE {'S.TKpavri), a lake in the north- western part of Pontus, in the district called Phazemonitis. The lake was entensive and abounded in fish, and its shores afforded excellent pasture (Strab. xii. p. 560.) Its modern name is Boghaz Kieui Gkieul. (Hamilton, Researches, i. p. 336. foil.) [L. S.]

STI'PIA. [Attica, p. 332, a.]

STIRIS (Srrpis: Eth. ^ripir-qs), a town of Phocis situated 120 stadia from Chaeroneia, the road between the two places running across the mountains. The inhabitants of Stiris claimed descent from an Atlierian colony of the Attic demus of Steiria, led by Peteus, when he was driven out of Attica by Aegeus. Pausanias describes the city as situated upon a rocky summit, with only a few wells, which did not supply water fit for drinking, which the inhabitants btained from a fountain, four stadia below the city,

STOBI.

to which fountain there was a descent excavated among the rocks. The city contained in the time of Pausanias a temple of Artemis Stiritis, made of crude brick, containing two statues, one of Pentelic marble, the other of ancient workmanship, covered with bandages. (Paus. x. 35. §§ 8 — 10.) Stiris was one of the Phocian cities destroyed by Philip at the close of the Sacred War (Paus. x. 3. § 2); but it was afterwards rebuilt and was inhabited at the time of the visit of Pausanias. The ruins of Stiris, now called Paled khora, are situated upon a tabular heiglit defended by precipitous rocks, about a quarter of an hour's ride from the monastery of St. Luke. The summit is surrounded with a wall of loose construction, and the surface of the rock within the inclosure is excavated in many places for habitations. The fountain of water described by Pausanias is probably the copious source within the walls of the monastery issuing from the side of the hill. This fountain is mentioned in an inscription fixed in the outer wall of the church. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 528, seq.)

STLUPI or STLUPPI (StAoCtti, SrAoCTrTri, Ptol. ii. 16. (17.) § 9), a place in Liburnia. The inha- bitants are called Stlupini by Pliny (iii. 21. s. 25). Perhaps the present Sluni. [T. H. D.]

STOBI (2to'§oi, Strab. vii. p. 329, Fr. 4, viii. p. 389; Ptol. iii. 13. § 4; Liv. xxxiii. 19, xxxix. 59, xl. 21, xlv. 29; Plin. iv. 1 7), a town in the NW. of Paeonia in Macedonia, which appears to have been a place of some importance under the Macedonian kings, although probably it had been greatly reduced by the incursions of the Dardani, when Philip had an intention of founding a new city near it in memory of a victory over these troublesome neigh- bours, and which he proposed to call Pcrseis, in honour of his son. At the Roman conquest, Stobi was made the place of deposit of salt, for the supply of the Dardani, the monopoly of which was given to the Third Macedonia. In the time of Pliny (I. c.) Stobi was a municipal town, but probably as late as the time of Hellogabalus it w.as made a " colonia." When about A. d. 400 Macedonia was under a " consular," Stobi became the chief town of Mace- donia II or Saiutaris (Marquardt, in Beckers Rom. Alter, vol. iii. pt. i. p. 118). According to the Tabular Itineraiy it stood 47 M. P. from Heracleia of Lyncus, which was in the Via Egnatia, and 55 M. P. from Tauriana, and was therefore probably in the direct road from Heracleia to Serdica. The position must have been therefore on the Erigon, 10 or 12 miles above the junction of that river with the Asius, a situation which agrees with that of Livy, who describes it as belonging to Deuriopus of Paeonia, which was watered by the Erigon. Stobi was a point from which four roads issued. (^Peut. Tab.) One proceeded NW. to Scupi, and from thence to Naissus on the great SE. route from Viminacium on the Danube to Byzantium; the second NE. to Serdica, 100 M. P. SE. of Naissus on the same route ; the third SE. to Thessalonica; and the fourth SW. to Heracleia, the last forming a communication with that central point on theViaEgnatia leading through Stobi from all the places on the three former routes. In A. D. 479 Stobi was captured by Theodoric the Ostrogoth (Malch. Philadelph. Exc. de Leg. Rom. pp. 78 — 86, ap. 3Iilller, Fragm. Ilist. Grace, vol. iv. p. 125); and in the Bulgarian campaign of A. d. 1014, it was occupied by Basil II. and the Byzantine

army (SToVeioi/, Cedren. p. 709). The geography of the basin of the Erigon in which Stobi was situated