1130 TERGKSTE. WHS very near the confines of Istiia and Venetia, so that there is considerable discrepancy between an- cient autiiors as to whicii of these provinces it be- longed, both Strabo and Ptolemy reckoning it a city of Istria, while Pliny includes it in the region of the Carni, which was comprised in Venetia. (Strab. V. p. 215, vii. p. 314; Plin. iii. 18. s. 22; Ptol. iii. 1. § 27.) Mela on the contrary calls it the boundary of lUyricum (ii. 4. § 3). From the time that the Formio, a river which falls into the sea 6 miles S. of Trieste, became fixed as the boundary of the provinces [Foit.Mio], there can be no doubt that Pliny's attribution is correct. It is probable that Tergeste was originally a native town either of the Carni or Istrians, but no mention is found of its name till after the Konian conquest, nor does it appear to have risen into a place of impia-tance until a later period. The first JiistoricAl mention of it is in B. c. 51, when we learn that it was taken and plundered by a sudden incursion of the neighbour- ing barbarians (Caes. B. G. viii. 24; Appian, Illyr. 18) ; but from the terms in which it is there no- ticed it is evident that it was already a Roman town, and apparently had already received a Roman colony. It was afterwards restored, and, to protect it for the future against similar disasters, was forti- fied with a wall and towers by OctaYian in b. c. 32. (Gruter, Inscr. p. 2G6. 6.) It is certain that it enjoyed the rank of a Colonia from the time of Au- gustus, and is styled such both by Pliny and Ptolemy. (Plin. iii. 18. s. 22; Ptol. iii. 1. § 27.) That em- peror also placed under the protection and authority of the city the neighbouring barbarian tribes of the Carni and Catali, and, by reducing to sulyection their more formidable neighbours, the lapodes, laid the foundations of the prosperity of Tergeste. The growth of this was mainly promoted by the advan- tages of its port, which is the only good harbour in this partof the Adriatic; but it was apparently over- shadowed by the greatness of the neighbouring Aquileia, and Tergeste, though a considerable mu- nicipal town, never rose in ancient times to a com- maniling position. We even learn that in the reign of Antoninus Pius the citizens obtained the admis- sion of the Carni and Catali — who had previously been mere subjects or dependents — to the Roman " civitas," in order that they might share the burthen- some honours of the local magistracy. (Orell. Inscr. 4040.) The inscription from which we learn this tact is one of the mo.st interesting municipal records preserved to us from ancient times, and lias been repeatedly published, especially with notes and il- lustratiiins by C. T. Zumpt (^Dccretmn Municipale TeriicstiiHim, 4to. P)erol. 1837) and by Gijttliug (^Fitiifielin Rijmische Urkunden, p. 75). No subse- quent mention of Tergeste is found in history under the Roman Empire; but it is certain that it conti- nued to exist; and retained its position as a consi- derable town throughout the middle age.s. But it is only within the last century that it has risen to the position that it now occupies of one of the most po- pulous and flourishing cities on the Adriatic. The only remains of antiquity extant at Trieste are some portions of a Roman temple, built into the modern cathedral, together with several inscriptions (in- cluding the celebrated one already noticed) and sume fragments of friezes, bas-reliefs, &c. Tergeste is placed by the Itineraries at a distance of 24 miles from Aquileia, on the line of road which followed the coast from that city into Istria. (Jti7i. Ant. p. 270; Tub. Pent) Pliny, less correctly, TERINA. calls it 33 miles from that city (Plin. I. c). The spacious gulf on which it was situated, called by Pliny the Tekgestinus SI^'us, is still known as the GuJfof Trieste. [E. H. B.] TEKGOLAPE, a town in Noricum, on the road from Ovilaba to Juvavum ; was situated in all jum- bability near Lambach. {I'ab. Pent.; Jlucliar, Norikum, vol. i. p. 266.) [L. S.] TERIA (T-iipeia), is mentioned in Homer (//. ii. 829) in connection with a lofty mountain, or as'a mountain itself (TrjpeiTjj upos alirv), and, according to Strab (xii. p. 565, comp. xiii. p. 589), ought to be regarded as a height in the neighbourhood of Cv- zicus; although others pointed out, at a distance of 40 stadia from Lampsacus, a hill with a temple of the Mother of the Gods, surnamed Tereia. [L. S.] TE'RIAS (Tripias: Fiume di S. Leonardo), a, river of ISicily, on the E. coast of the island, flowing i into the sea between Catana and Syracuse. It is I mentioned by Pliny (iii. S. s. 14) innnediately after the Symacthus; and Scylax tells us it was navigable for the distance of 20 stadia up to Lcontini. (Seyl. p. 4. § 13.) Tiiough this last statement is not quite accurate, inasmuch as Leontini is at least 60 stadia from the sea, it leaves little doubt that the ! river meant is that now called the Fiume di S. Leonardo, which flows from the Lake of Lcntiiii (which is not inentioned by any ancient author) to the sea. It has its outlet in a small bay or cove, which affords a tolerable shelter for shipping. Hence we find the mouth of the Terias twice selected by the Athenians as a halting-place, while proceeding with their fleet along the E. coast of Sicily. (Time, vi. 50, 96.) The connection of the Terias with Leontini is confirmed by Diodorus, who tells us that Dionysius encamped on the banks of that river near the city of Leontini. (Diod. xiv. 14.) [E. H. B.J TEKICIAE. [TuiciAE.] TElilNA {Tepim, but lipuva Lycophr.: Eth. Teptva7os, Terinaeus), a city on the W. coast of the Bruttian peninsula, near the Gnlf of ISt. Ea- femia, to which it gave the name of Tkkin.veu.s Sinus. All writers agree in representing it as a Greek city and a colony of Crotona (Scymn. Ch. 307; Steph. B. s. v.; Scyl. p. 4. § 12; Strab. vi. p. 256; Plin. iii. 5. s. 10; Solin. 2. § 10), but we have no account of the time or circumstances of its foundation. It was regarded as the bui'ial- pUice of the Siren Ligeia, a tradition which evi- dently pointed to the existence of a more ancient town on the spot than the Greek colony. (Lycophr. Alex. 726; Steph. B. s.v.) The name of Terina is scarcely mentioned in history during the flourishing period of Magna Graecia; but we learn from an incidental notice that it was engaged in war with the Thurians under Cleandridas (Polyaen. Strut, ii. ■ 10. § 1) — a proof that it was at this time no incon- 5 siderable city; and the number, beauty, and variety of its coins sufficiently attest the fact that it must have been a place of wealth and importance. (Mil- lingen, Numism. de lVtaiie,-p. 53.) Almost thefir.st notice of Terina is that of its conque.st by the Brut- tians, an event which appears to have taken place soon after the rise of that people in b. c. 356, as, according to Diodorus, it was the first Greek city which fell into their hands. (Diod. xvi. 15.) It was recovered from them by Alexander, king of Epirus, about 327 b. c. (Liv. viii. 24), but probably fell again under their yoke after the death of that monarch. It was one of the cities which declared in favour of Hannibal during the Second Punic
