1194 THUEIUII. we should gather from the statements of ancient writers. [E. H. B.J THU'RIUM. TBoEOTiA, p. 412, b.] THYA'MIA. "[I'liLius, p. 602, b.] THY'AMIS {@va/j.Ls), a river of Epeirus, flowing into the sea near a promontory of the same name. (Ptol. iii. 14. §§ 4, 5.) It formed the northern boundary of Tliesprotia, which it separated from Cestrine, a district of Chaonia (Thuc. i. 46 ; Strab. vii. p. 324 ; Pans. i. 11. § 2; Cic. ad Alt vii. 2, de Leg. ii. 3; Plin. iv. 1.) It is now called Ka- lama, apparently from the large reeds and aquatic plants which grow upon one of its principal tribu- taries. Its ancient name seems to have been derived from the dva or juniper, which, Leake informs us, though not abundant near the sources of the river, is common in the woody hills which border the middle of its course. The historian Phylarchus related (o/j. A then. iii. p. 73) that the Egyptian bean, which grew only in marshy places and nowhere but in Egypt, once grew for a short time upon the banks of tlie Thyamis. (Leake, Nm-thern Greece, vol. i. p. 103, vol. iv. p. 97.) THY'AIMUS (Qiia^uof), a mountain lying to the S. of Argos Amphilochicum, identified by Leake with Spartovuni. (Thuc. iii. 106; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv. p. 251.) THYATEmA(Ta Qvanipa: Eth.@vaTiip7)v6s), a considerable city in the north of Lydia, on the liver Lycus, and on the road leading from Sardes in the south to Germa in the north. It was anciently called Pelopeia, Euhippa, and Semiramis. (Plin. v. 31; Steph. B. s. v. ©uoTeipo.) Strabo (xiii. p. 625) calls it a Macedonian colony, which probably means only that during the Macedonian period it was in- creased and embellished, for Stephanus B., admitting that it previously existed under other names, relates that S(deucus Nicator gave it the name of Thyga- teira or Thyateira on being informed that a daughter (QvyixTrjp) was born to him. But whatever we may think of this etymology, it seems clear that the jjlace was not originally a Macedonian colony, but had existed long before under other names, and at one period belonged to Mysia. After the time of An- tiochus Nicator, however, it became an important place, and is often noticed in history. When the two Scipios arrived in Asia on their expedition against Antiochus the Great, the latter was encamped near Thyateira, but retreated to Magnesia. (Liv. xxxvii. 8, 21, 37.) After the defeat of the Syrian king, the town surrendered to the Romans. (Liv. xxxvii. 44; Polyb. xvi. 1 , xxsii. 25 ; comp. Appian, S>/r. 30; Strab. xiii. p. 646 ; Pint. Sulla, 1 5 ; Ptol. v. 2. § 1 6 ; It. A nt. p. 336.) In Christian times Thyateira appears as one of the seven Churches in the Apocalypse (ii. 18); in the Acts of the Apostles (xvi. 14) mention is made of one Lydia, a purple-seller of Thyateira, and at a still later period we hear of several bishops whose see it was. In the middle ages the Turks changed the name of the town into Akhissar, which it still bears. (Mich. Due. p. 114.) Sir C. Fellows (^liw COIN OF IIIYATEIRA. THYJIENA. jilin. p. 22), who calls the modern place Aha, states that it teems with relics of an ancient splendid city, although he could not discover a trace of the site of any ruin or early building. These relics consist chiefly of fragments of pillars, many of which have been chantred into well-tops or trouglis. (Conip. Arundell, Seven Churches, p. 188, foil.; Wheeler and Spon, vol. i. p. 253; Lucas, Troisieme Voy. p. 192, &c.; Prokesch, Denkwiirdiglceiten, iii. p. 60, foil.) [L. S.] THYIA (Quia), a place in Pliocis, where the Delphians erected an altar to the winds, derived its name from Thyia, a daughter of Cephissus or Casta- lius, and the mother of Delphus by Apollo. (Herod, vii. 178; Diet, of Biogr. axl. Tiiyia.) THY'iMBRA (Qv/xep-q or Ovfxgpa), a town of Troas, in the vicinity of Ilium, (llom. /L x. 430; Steph. B.s. v.; Phn. v. 33.) Strabo (xiii. p. 598) speaks of it only as a plain traversed by the river Thymbrius. The valley of Thymbra and the hill in it, called Callicolone (Horn. II. xx. 53, 151; Strab. I. c), are said still to retain their ancient names. (Prokesch, Denkwiirdiglceiten, i. p. 145, foil.) The town of Thymbra must have perished at an early period ; but its name remained celebrated in religion, for Apollo, who had had a temple at Thymbra, is fre- quently called Thymbraeus (QufiSpalos; Virg. Aeii. iii. 85 ; Eurip. Rhesus, 224 ; Steph. B. s. v. Qv^- €pa). [L. S.] THYJIBRARA (Qvij.€papa), a place near Sardes, not far from the small river Pactolus, at which the contingents of the Persian army furnished by the inhabitants of Asia Minor used to assemble. (Xen. Cgroj}. vi. 2. § 11, vii. 1. § 45; Steph. B. s. r.) Some are inclined to identify this place with Thy- barna, mentioned by Diodorus Siculus (xiv. SO); but this latter place could hardly be said to be situated on, or even near the Pactolus. [L. S.] THY'MBRES, a tributary of the Sangarius in Phrygia (Liv. xxsviii. 18), is no doubt the same as the Tembrogius of Pliny (vi. 1) and the Timbrius in the Argonautica bearing the name of Orpheus (713), where the river is described as abounding in fish. [L. S.] THY'JIBRIA (evixSp'ia), a small town of Caria, only 4 stadia east of JMyus on the banks of the ]Iaeander ; in its neighbourhood there was a so- called Charonium, or cave from which poisonous vapours issued. (Strab. xiv. p. 636.) [L. S.] THY'MBRlUil (evfx.§piov: Eth. Thymbrianus), a town of Phrygia, at a distance of 10 parasangs to the west of Tyriaeum (Xenoph. Anab. i. 2. § 13 ; Hierocl. p. 673; Cone. Constant, iii. p. 505.) Vi- bius Sequester (p. 25. ed. Oberlin) mentions a forest Thymbra in Phrygia, which seems to have been near the town of Thymbrium. [L. S.j TH Y'MBRIUS (0i;/xg'pios), a small river of Troas in the neighhourhood of Ilium ; it was a tributary of the Scamander, and on its banks stood the town of Thymbra (Strab. siii. p. 598; Eustath. ad Horn. II. X. 430.) There still exists in that district a small river called Timhrek, which, however, does not flow into the Scamander, but into a bay of the sea; if this be the ancient Thymbrius, the plain of Thymbra must have been at a considerable dis- tance from Ilium. For this reason, Col. Leake is in- clined to identity the Thymbrius rather with the Ka- mara Su, which still is a tributary of the Scamander or Mendere Su {Asia Minor, p. 289.) [L. S.] THY'ME'NA (QviJ.rii'a), a place on the coast of Paphlagouia, at a distance of 90 stadia from Ae-
