1196 THYRSUS, which separated Leucas from the mainland. It is placed by Leiike in the plain of Zaverdha, but no ruins of it have been discovered. Its name does not occur in Strabo. Thyrium is first mentioned in B. c. 373, when its territory was invaded by Iphi- crates. (Xen. Hell. vi. 2. § 37.) Xenophon de- scribes it as a place of importance; and it appears as one of tlie chief cities of Acarnania at the time of the Roman wars in Greece, when its name fre- quently occurs. At this period Thyrium was one of the places at which the meetings of the Acar- nauian League were usually held. [Acarnania.] It was one of the many towns whose ruin was oc- casioned by the foundation of NicopoLis, to which its inhabitants were removed by order of Augustus. (Pol. iv. 6, 25, xvii. 10, xxii. 12, xxviii. 5; Liv. xxxvi. 11, 12, xsxviii. 9, xhii. 17; Anth. Grace. I. c. ; Leake, Northeni Greece, vol. iv. p. 1 6.) COIN OF THYRIUM. THYRSUS or TYRSUS {©vpaos TT0Ta^6s, Ptol. ; ©opffoy, Fans.: Tirso), the most considerable river of Sardinia, which still retains its ancient name al- most unaltered. It has its sources in the mountains in the NE. corner of the island, and tlows into the Gidf of Oristano on the W. coast, after a course of above 75 miles. About 20 miles from its mouth it flowed past Forum Trajani, the ruins of which are still visible at Fordungiamis ; and about 36 miles higher up are the Bayni dl Benetutti, supposed to be the Aquae Lesitanae of Ptolemy. The Itineraries give a station " ad Caput Tyr.si" (^Itln. Ant. p. 81), which was 40 M.P. from Olbia by a rugged moun- tain road: it must have been near the village of Budusb. (De la Slarmora, Voy. en Sardaigne, vol. ii. p. 445.) Pausanias tells us that in early times the Thyrsus was the boundary between the part of the island occupied by the Greeks and Trojans and that which still remained in the hands of the native barbarians. (Pans. x. 17. § 6.) [E. H. B.] THYSDRUS {©{la^pos, Ptol. iv. 3. § 39), the oppidum Tusdritanum or Thysdritanum of Pliny (v. 4. s. 4), a city of Byzacium, in the Roman province of Africa, lying midway between Thenae and Thap- sus, and west of the promontory Brachodes. It was here that the emperor Gordiunus first set up the standard of rebellion against Maximin (Herodiaii. vii. 4, seq. ; Capitol. Gord. c. 7, seq.), and it was from him, probably, that it derived its title of a Roman colony. We find tlie name variously written, as Tusdra, by Hirtius or whoever was the author of the history of the African War {B. Afr. 26, 27, &c.), and Tusdrus, in the Itin. Ant. (p. 59). Now El Jemme or Legem, with extensive ruins, especially of a fine amphitheatre in a tolerably perfect state. (Shaw, Travels, vol. i. p. 220, sqq.) [T. H. D.] THYSSA'GETAE {©vaaayiTai, Herod, iv. 22), a numerous people of Asiatic Sarmatia, living prin- cipally by the chase. They dwelt to the north-east of a great desert of 7 days' journey, which lay be- tween them and the Budini. Stephanus B. (s. r.) erroneously places them on the Blaeotis, apparently from misunderstanding Herodotus. They are called TIBEBIAS. Thussagetae by Mela (i. 19) and Pliny (iv. 12 s. 26), and Thyssagetae by Valerius I'laccus (vi. 140). [T.H.D.] THYSSUS {&vff(Tos), a town of Chalcidice in JIacedonia, situated on the W. or S. side of the peninsula of Acte or Mt. Athos. Its exact position is uncertain, but it appears that Thyssus and Cleonae occupied the central part of the W. or S. coast of the peninsula, and that one of them may be placed at Zogrdfu or BhoJchidri, and he other at Jierojwidmi. (Herod, vii. 22; Thuc. iv. 109, v. 35; Scylax,p.26; Strab. vii. p. 331 ; Plin. iv. 10. s. 17 ; Leake, iYort/<- ern Greece, vol. iv. pp. 149 — 152.) TIARANTUS (TiapavrS^, Herod, iv. 48), a river in Scythia, flowing into the I.ster from the N. Jlan- nert identifii;s it with the Syl (iv. p. 105; cf Ukert, iii. 2. p. 184). [T. H. D.] TIARIULIA. [Teaei Julienses.] TIASA. [Laconia, p. 110, a.] TIASUM (Tiaaov or liaffaov, Ptol. iii. 8. § 9), a town in Dacia, in the neighbourhood of the modern FuJcschani. [T. H. D.] TIBARANI, a tribe of Cilicia, about Mount Ama- nus and in the vicinity of Pindenissus, which was subdued by Cicero during his proconsular adminis- tration of that country, but is otherwise unknown. (Cic. ad Fam. xv. 4.) [L. S.] TIBARE'XI (Tigap7]voi), a tribe on the coast of Pontus, occupying the country between the Cha- lybes and the Mosynoeci, on the east of the river Iris. They are mentioned as early as the time of Herodotus (iii. 94), and were believed to be of Scythian origin. (Sehol. ad ApoU. Rhod. ii. 378, 1010; Xm.^Anah. v. 5. § 2; Scylax, p. 33; Steph. B. s. V. TiSaptjuia.) Strabo (xi. p. 527) describes them as inhabiting the mountains branching off from the Montes Moschici and Colchici, and mentions Co- tyura as their principal town. (Comp. Xen. /. c; Plin. vi. 4.) They appear to have been a harmless and happy people, who performed all their duties in a joyous manner. (Schol. ad Apoll. PJwd. I. c; Steph. B. I. c; Anon. Perijd. P. E. p. 12; Pomp. Mela, i. 19.) Their arms consisted of wooden hel- mets, small shields, and short spears with long points. (Herod, vii. 78.) Xenophon and his Greeks spent three days in travelling through their country. (Xen. I. c, vii. 8. § 25; Diod. Sic. xiv. 30; Dionys. Per. 767; Pomp. Mela, i. 2; Val. Place, v. 149; Strab. ii. p. 129, vii. p. 309, xi. p. 549, xii. p. 555.) [L. S.] TIBERIACUJI, in North Gallia, is placed in the Antonine Itin. between Jullacum (Juliers) and Co- lonia Agrippina (^Cologne viii. from Juliacum and X. from Colonia. D'Anville and others fix Tiberi- acum at Berghem, at the passage of the river Erfft, which flows between Juliers and Cologne. Others place Tiberiacum at Tarren,^ouih o{ Berghem,heve the bridge is. D'Anville adds that a j>lace situ- ated in the direction between Juliers and Berghem is called Stein-Stras, that is to say, Lapidea Strata {Stone Street), just as in our provinces they say Cheinin Perre." (D'Anville, Notice, cf'C. ; Ukert, Gallien, p. 544.) [G. L.] TIBE'RIAS {TiSepias, Joseph. Ant. xviii. 3, B. J. ii. 8, iii. 16; Steph. B. s. v.; Ptol. viii. 20. § 16), the principal town of Galilaea, on the SW. bank of the sea of Tiberias or Gennesareth. It was situated in the most beautiful and fruitful part of that state (Joseph. Ant. xviii. 2. § 3), and was adorned with a royal palace and stadium. (Joseph. Vit 12, 13, 64.) It was built by the
