1220 TRAJECTUM. for the Diffusinn of Useful Knowledge Trajanopolis is placed on the Esnatian Way at a considerable dis- tance W. of the Hebrus, and at a point which fulfils tolerably well the conditions of distance from the two places above mentioned. Trajanopolis became the capital of the province of Uhodope, and continued to be a place of importance until the fourth century. It is remarkable, how- ever, that it is not mentioned by Ammianus in his general description of Thrace (sxvii. 4); according to him, the chief cities of Rhodope were Maximiauo- polis, Maroneiii, and Aenus. (Ptol. iii. 11. §13; Hierocl. p. 6.31 : Procop. de Aed. iv. 11 : Const. Forph. de Caerim. ii. 54 : Cantacuz. i. 38, iii. 67, et alibi; ft. Ant. pp. 17.5, 322, 332, 333; It. Jlier. p. 602 ; Geog. Rav. iv. 6 ; cf. Mannert, vii. p. 224.) ' [J. 11] TRAJECTUM, in North GalHa, is not mentioned in any Roman writing before the Itin. of Antoninus. It was on the Ronian road which ran along the Rliine from Lugdunum Batavorum, and the site is Utrecht in the kingdom of the Netherlands, at the bifurcation of the old Rhine and the Vecht. The mo- dern name contains the Roman name abbreviated, and the part U seems to be a corruption of the word Omle (Vetus) ; but D'Anville observes that the name IS wiitten Utrecht as early as 870. [G. L.] TRAJECTU6 in Gallia, placed by the Antonine, Itin. on a road which runs from Aginnum {Agen) through Escisum and Trajectus to Vesunna (^Peri- (jueiix). Trajectus is xxi. from Excisum (/7/fe Neuve), and xviii. from Vesunna, and it marks the passage of the Duranius {Dordogne) between these two positions at a place called rontotis on the Dor- dogne, opposite to which on the other bank of the liver is La Linde, mentioned in the Table under the name of Diolindum. [Diolindum.] [G. L.] 'I'RAIS. [Traens.] TRALLES or TRALLIS (TpdA€is, TpaAAis: FaIi. TpaWtafds), a large and flourishing city of Caria, on the southern slope of mount ^lessogis, a little to the north of the Scamander, a small tribu- tary of which, the Eudon, flowed close by the city, while another passed right through it. Its acropolis was situated on a lofty eminence in the north of the lity. Tralles was said to have been founded by Ar- gives in conjunction with a body of Thracians, whence its name Tralles was believed to be derived (Strab. xiv. pp. 648, 649; Hesych, s. v.; Diod. Sic. xvii. 65; riut. Ages. 16), for it is said to have previously been called Anthea, Evanthea, Erymna, Charax, Seleucia, and Antiochia (Steph. B. s. vv. TpdAXts, Xdpa^ ; Jitym. M. p. 389; Plin. v. 29). Others, however, .state that it was a Pelasgian colony, and originally bore the name of Larissa (Agath. ii. 17; Schol. ad Horn. II. X. 429). It was situated in a most fertile district, at a point where highroads met from the south, east, and west ; so that it nmst have been a ])lace of considerable commerce. (Cic. ad Att. v. 14. ad Fam. iii. 5, ad Quint. Frat. i. 1 ; Strab. xiv. p. G63.) The inhabitants of Tralles were celebrated for their great wealth, and were generally appointed Hsiarchs, that is, presidents of the games celebrated in the district. But the country in which Tralles was situated was much subject to earthquakes; in the reign of Augustus many of its public build- ings were greatly damaged by a violent shock ; and the emperor gave the inhabitants a handsome sum of money to repair the lo.sses they had sustained. (Strab. xii. p. 579.) Out of gratitude, the Trallians petitioned to be permitted to erect a temple in honour TRANSDUCTA. of Tii)erius, but without effect. (Tac. Ann. iv. 55.) According to Pliny (xxxv. 49), king Attains had a palace at Tralles. A statue of Caesar was set up in the temple of Victoria at Tralles ; and during the presence of Caesar in Asia a mii-acle is said to have happened in the temple, respecting which see Caes. Bell. Civ. iii. 105; Plut. Caes. 47; and Val. Max. i. 6. The city is very often mentioned by ancient writers (Xen. Anab. i. 4. § 8, Hist. Gr. iii. 2. § 19 ; Polyb. xxii. 27; Liv. xxxvii. 45, xxxviii. 39; Diod. xiv. 36, xis. 75; Juven. iii. 70; Ptol. v. 2. § 19; Hierocl. p. 659). During the middle ages the city fell into decay, but was repaired by Andronicus Pu- laeologus (G. Pachymer, p. 320). Extensive ruins of the place still exist above the modern Ghiur.il Bissar, in a position perfectly agreeing with the de- scription of Strabo. (See Arundell, Seven Churches; pp. 58, 65, 293 ; Leake, Asia Minor, pp. 243, 240 ; Felhv.s,Asia Minor, p. 276, Lycia, p. 16; Hamil- ton, Researches, i. p. 533.) As to the coins of Tralles, which are very numerous, see Sestini, p. 89. [L. S.] COIN OF TRALLES. TRALLES or TRALLIS (TpaAArjr), a town in Phrygia, on the west of Apame.i, and 15 miles east of Hierapolis, not far from the banks of the JIaeander (Hierocl. p. 667 ; Cohc. Corasf. ii. p. 243; Conc.Ni- Caere, ii. p. 51 ; Tub. Peut.'). The ruins seen by Arundell {Seven Churches, p. 231) near the village of Kuslar are probably those of Tralles. [ L. S.] TRA'LLIA (TpaAAi'a : E(h.TpaAs, TpaWevs, Steph. B.s. v.), a district of Illyria, whose inhabitants, the Tralli, are mentioned several times by Livy (xxvii. 32, xxxi. 35, xxxiii. 4). TRALLICON, a town of Caria, mentioned only by Pliny (v. 29), situated on the river Harpasus; but in his time it had already ceased to exist. [L. S.] TRAMPYA. [TYMPiiAEA.] TRANSCELLENSIS JIONS, a mountain in Mauretania, between Caesarea and the river China- laph. (Amm. Marc. xxix. 5. § 20.) [T. H. D.] TRANSDUCTA (TpavcrSo'uKTa, Ptol. ii. 4. § 6), and in a fuller form, Julia Transducta or Traducta, a town of the Bastuli, in Hispania Baetica, to the E. of Mellaria. It is doubtless the same place which Strabo (ii. p. 140) calls 'louAi'a 'lo'fa, and sets down between Belon and Gades, whither the Romans transplanted the inhabitants of ZeUs, in Mauretania Tingitana. According to Ukert (ii. pt. i. p. 345) it is also the Tingentera of Mela (ii. 6), who informs us that he was born there; though it is not easy to see how it could have had so many names. But the ground for the conjecture is that Tingentera, according to Mela, was inhabited by Phoenicians, who had been transported thither, which in some respects resembles Strabo's account of Julia loza. It is sought at the modern Tarifa, or in its neighbourhood. For coins see Florez, Med. ii. p. 596; Eckhel, Doctr. Num. i. 1. p. 30; Mionnet, i.
