TUSCUM MARE. still remain, the chief of which is one on a kind of })edcstal, recordincc that the object to which it be- ]oni;cd was sacred to Jupiter and Liberty. Other inscriptions found at Tusculum are preserved in the 1 'ilia Riifnella. One of them relates to M. Fulvius Kobilior, the conqueror of Aetolia; another to the poet Diphilos, mentioned by Cicero in his letters to Atticus (ii. 19). Near the hermitage at Camaldoli was discovered in 1667 a very ancient tomb of the Furii, as recorded i'y Falconieri, in his Inscrr. Athleticae, p. 143, seq. It was cut in the rock, and in the middle of it was a sarcophagus, about 5 feet long, with a pediment- shaped cover. P'ound it were twelve urns placed in loculi, or coffins. The inscriptions on these urns were in so ancient a character that it bore a great rejicmblance to the Etruscan and Pelasgic. 'Die form of the P resembled that in the sepulchral in- scriptions of the Scipios, as well as that of the 1- The diphthong OV was used for V, and P for F. The inscriptions on the urns related to the Furii, that on the sarcophagus to Luc. Turpilius. There were also fragments of fictile vases, commonly called I'^truscan, and of an elegant cornice of terra cotta, painted with various colours. (Nibby, Dintorrd, iii. p. 360.) We shall only add that the ager Tusculanus, though now but scantily supplied with water, for- merly contributed to furnish Rome with that element by means of the Aqua Tepula and Aqua Virgo. (Front. Aq. 8, seq.) Respecting Tusculum the reader may consult Canina, Descrizione delT antico Tusculo ; Nibby, iJintorni di Jionia, vol. iii.; Gell, Tojwgraphy of Rome and its Vicinity, ed. Bunbury; Abeken, Mit- tel-Italien ; Compagnoni, 3Iem. istoriche delV antico Tusculo. On Cicero's villa, Cardoni, De Tuscid. M. T. Ciceronis ; Znzzer'i, Sopi'a dl una aniica Villa scopertasul Dorso dd Tvsculo. [T. H. D.] TUSCUM MARE. [Tykrhenum Make.] TUTA'TIO, a place in Noricum of uncertain site (It. Ant. p. 277 ; Tab. Pent., where it is called Tutastio.) [L. S.] TU'THOA (TovBoa), a river of western Arcadia, flowing into the Ladon, on the confines of Thclpusa and Heraea. It is now called Langcidhia, and joins the Ladon opposite to the small village of Renesi. (Pans. viii. 25. § 12 ; Leiike, Morea, vol. ii. p. 95, Ptloponnesiaea, p. 223.) TU'TIA, a small stream in the neighbourhood of Rome, mentioned only by Livy and Silius Italicus, who inform us that Hannibal encamped on its banks, when he was commencing his retreat from before the walls of Rome. (Liv. xxvi. 1 1 ; Sil. Ital. xiii. 5.) Livy places it 6 miles from the city, and it is probable that it was on the Salarian Way, by which Hannibal subsequently commenced his retreat: in this case it may probably be the stream now called the Fiunie di Conca, which crosses that road between 6 and 7 miles from Rome, and has been supposed by Gell and Nibby to be the Allia. [Allia.] Silius Italicus expressly tells us that it was a very small stream, and little known to fame. The name is written Turia in many editions of that poet, but it appears that the best JISS. both of iSilius and of Livy have the form Tutia. [E. II. B.] TU'TIA (TouTTia, Pint. Sei-t. 19), a place in the territory of the Edetani in Hispania Tarraconensis not far from Sucro, the scene of a battle between I'otnpey and Sertorius (Plut. I. c. ; Florus, iii. 22.) It is thought to be the modern Tons. But perhaps TYBIACAE. 1245 the conjecture of Ukert (ii. pt. i. p. 413) is correct that in both these passages we should read Turia. [T. H. D."l TUTICUM. [Equus Tuticus.] TUTZIS (It. Anton, p. 162), a small fortified town in Aethiopia» situated 12 miles N. of Ta- chompso, upon the western side of the Nile. The ruins of Tutzis are supposed to be near, and NW. of the present village of Gyrseh. (Belznni, Travels, vol. i. p. 112.)^ [W. B.l).] T.Y'ANA (ra. Tuava; Eth. Tvavevs orTvav'nns), also called Thyana or Thiana, and originally Thoana, from Thoas, a Thracian king, who was believed to have pursued Orestes and Pylades thus far. and to have founded the town (Anian, Peripl P. £. p. 6; Stej.h. B. s. v.). Report said that it was built, like Zela in Pontus, on a causeway of Semiramis; but it is certain that it was situated in Cappadociaat the footof Jlount Taurus, near the Cilician gates, and on a small tri- butary of the Lamus (Strab. xii. p. 537, xiii. p. 587.) It stood on the highroad to Cilicia and Syria at a distance of 300 stadia from Cybistra, and 400 stadia (according to the Pent. Table 73 miles) from Mazaca (Strab. I.e. ; Ptol. v. 6. § 18 ; comp. Plin. vi. 3 ; It. Ant. p. 145). Its situation on that road and close to so important a pass must have rendered Tyana a place of great consequence, both in a com- mercial and a military point of view. The plain around it, moreover, was extensive and fertile, and the whole district received from the town of Tvana the naine of Tyanitis (yvavl-Tis, Strab. /. c). From its coins we learn that in the reign of Caracalla the city became a Roman colony; afterwards, having for a time belonged to the empire of Palmyra, it was con- quered by Aurelian, in a.d. 272 (Vopisc. Aurel. 22, foil.), and Valens raised it to the rank of the capital of Cappadocia Secunda (Basil. JIagn. Epist. 74, 75; Hierocl. p. 700; Malala, Chron.; Not. Imp.) Its capture by the Turks is related by Cedreuus (p. 477). Tyana is celebrated in history .as the native place of the famous impostor Apollonius, of whom we have a detailed biography by Philostratu.s. In the vicinity of the town there was a temple of Zeus on the borders of a lake in a marshy plain. Tije water of the lake it.self was cold, but a hut well, sacred to Zeus, issued from it (Philostr. I'iV. Apoll. i. 4; Amm. JMarc. xxiii. 6; Aristot. Mir. Ausc. 163.) This well was called Asmabaeon, and from it Zeus himself was surnamed Asmabaeus. These details about the locality of Tyana have led in modern times to the discovery of the true site of the ancient city. It was f<jrmerly believed that Kara Hissar marked the site of Tyana; for in that district many ruins exist, and its inhabitants still maintain that their town once was the cajiital of Cappadocia. But this place is too far north to Le identified with Tyana; and Hamilton (Pesearclics, ii. p. 302, foil.) has shown most satisfactorily, what others had conjectured before him, that the true site of Tyana is at a place now called Kiz Ilissar, south-west of Nigdeh, and between this jilacc and Erekli. The ruins of Tyana are considerable, but the most conspicuous is an aqueduct of granite, extending seven or ciglit miles to the foot of the mountains. There are also massy founda- tions of several large buildings, shafts, )iillars, and one handsome column still standing. Two miles south of these ruins, the hot spring also still bubbles forth in a cold swamp or lake. (Leake, Asia Minor, 61; Eckhel, iii. p. 195; Sestini, p. 60.) [L. S.J TYBIACAE (IvSMiiai, Ptol. vi. 14. § ), a
