1252 TYSANUSA. P. i. vol. iii. pp. 379—393, and 408, seq. Respect- ing its lii.story and the present state of its remains, the following works may be advantageously con- sulted : Hengstenberg, De Rebus Tyi-ioruvi; Kenrick, Phoenicia; Fococke, I)esc7-ij)tio}i of the East; Volney, Voyage en Sijrie; Richter, Wallfahrt; Bertou, To- jyographie de Tyr; Maundrell, Journey from Aleppo to Damascus; Sliaw's Travels; Robinson, Biblical Researches, &c. [T. H. D.] COIN OF TYEUS. TYSANUSA, a port on the coast of Caria, on the bay of Schoenus, and a little to the east of Cape Posidium (Pomp. Mela, i. 16). Pliny (v. 29) mentions Tisanusa as a town in the same neigh- buurliciod [L. S.] TYSIA. [TisiANUS.] TZUi;U'LUM (yCovpovXSv, Procop. B. Goth. iii. 38 ; Anna Conin. vii. p. 21.5, x. p. 279; Theophyl. vi. 5 ; in Geog. Rav. iv. 6, and Tab. Pent., Sural- lum and Syrallum; in It. Ant. pp. 138, 230, Iziral- lum, but in p. 323, Tirallum ; and in It. Bier. p. .'J69, Tunorullum), a strong town on a hill in the SE. of Thrace, not far from Perinthus, on the road from that city to Hadrianopolis. It has retained its name with little change to the present day, being the modern Tchorlu or Tchurlu. [J. R.] U, V. VABAR, a river of JIauretania Caesariensis, which fell into the sea a little to the W. of Saldae. Ptolemy (iv. 2. § 9) mentions it under the name of OvaSap as if it had been a town ; and Maffei (Mus. Ver. p. 463) thought that he had discovered such a place in the name of Bavares, in an African inscription (cf. Orelli, Inscr. no. 529). In Pliny (v. 2. s. 1) and Jlela (i. 6) the name is erroneously written Nabar. It is jjriibably the present Buberak. [T. H. D.] VACALUS. [Batavi.] VACCA. 1. (Sail. J. 29, &c.) or VAGA (Sil. It. iii. 259; Ov6.y:i, Ptol. iv. 3. § 28; Baya., Procop. de Aed. vi. 5), an important town and place of consider- able commerce in the interior of Numidia, lying a long day's journey SW. of Utica. Pliny (v. 4) calls it Vagense Oppidum. It was destroyed by Jletellus (Sail. J. 69); but afterwards restored and inhabited by the Romans. Justinian surrounded it with a wall, and named it Theodoria, in honour of his consort. (Procup. ;.c.; cf. Strab. xvii. p. 831 ; Sall.J'. 47,68; Plut. Mar. 8. p. 409.) Now Bayjah (Begia, Beg- gia, Bed.ij(i) in Tunis, on the borders of A Igiers. (Cf. Shaw, Travels, i. p. 183.) Vaga is mentioned by the Geogr. Nub. (^Clim. iii. 1. p. 88) under the name of Bagia, and by Leo Afric. (p. 406, Lorsbach) under that of Beggia, as a place of considerable connnerce. 2. A town in Byzacium in Africa Proper, lying to tlie S. of Ruspinum (Hirt. B. Afr. 74). This is VADA SABBATA. probably the " aliud Vagense oppidum " of Pliny (I c). [T. II. D.] VACCAEI (OvaKKam, Ptol. ii. 6. § 50), an im- portant people in the interior of Hispania Tarraco- nensis, bounded on the W. by the Astures, on the N. by the Cantabri, on the E. by the Celtiberi (to whom Appian, Hisp. 51, attributes them), and on the S. by the Vettones and the river Durius. Hence their district may be considered as marked by the modem towns of Zamora, Toro, Palencia. Burgos, and ValladoUd. Their chief cities were Pallantia {^Palencia') and Intercatia. According to Diodorus (v. 34) they yearly divided their land for tillage among themselves, and regarded the produce as common property, so that whoever kept back anv part for himself was capitally punished. (Cf. Liv. XXX. 7, xl. 47; Polyb. iii. 14; Strab. iii. pp. 152, 162; Phn. iii. 3. s. 4; Plut. Sert. 21.) [T. H. D.] VACOMAGI {OvaKotx6.yoi, Ptol. ii. 3. § 13). a people in Britannia Barbara, near the Taezali, never subdued by the Romans. Camden (p. 1217) seeks them on the borders of Loch Lomond. Ptolemy (J. c.) ascribes four towns to them. [T. H. I).] VACUA (OhaKova, Strab. iii. p. 153; OvaKos, Ptol. ii. 5. § 4), a river in Lusitania, which entered the Atlantic ocean between the Durius and Miinda, in the neighbourhood of Talabrica. Pliny (i v. 21. s. 35) calls it Vacca. The present Vouga. [T. H. 1).] VACUATAE (^OiiaKovara: or BaKovarat, Ptol. iv. 6. §10), a people in the S. of Jlauretania Tinei- tana, extending as far as the Little Atlas. [T.H.D.J VADA, a place on or near the Rhine, in North Gallia. Tacitus (^Hist. v. 21) in his history of the war of Civilis speaks of Civilis attacking on one day with his troops in four divisions, Arenacum, Ba- tavodurum, Grinnos, and Vada. The histoi'y siiows that Grinnes and Vada were south or on the south side of the stream which Tacitus calls the Rhcnus. [Grinnes.] [G. L.] VADA SABBATA (:S,a€dTw:' OuaSa, Strab.; 'Sd.g§aTa, Ptol. : Vada), a town and port on the sea- coaat of Liguria, about 30 miles V. of Genua. It was situated on a bay which affords one of the best roadsteads along this line of coast, and seems to have been in consequence much frequented by the Roman fleets. In B. c. 43 it was the first point at which M. Antonius halted after his defeat at Mutina, and where he effected his junction with Ventidius, who had a considerable force under his command. (Cic. ad Fum. xi. 10, 13.) D. Brutus, in his letter to Cicero, speaks of it as " inter Apenninum et Alpes." a phrase which obviously refers to the notion commoidy entertained that this was the point of demarcation between the two chains of moiuitains, a view adopted also by Strabo (iv. p. 202). A jiass led into the interior across the Apennines from Vada to Aquae Statiellae which was probably that followed by An- tony. Brutus speaks in strong terms of the rugged and difficult nature of the roads in all directions from this point, (/6.) : but at a later period a regular road was constructed across the mountains from Vada to Aquae Statiellae, as well as in botli direc- tions along the coast. {Itin. Ant. p. 295; Tab. Pent.) Under the Roman Empire we learn that Vada con- tinued to be a place of considerable trade (Jul. Capit. Pert. 9, 13) ; and it is still mentioned as a port in the Maritime Itinerary (p. 502). Some doubt has arisen with regard to its precise position, though the name of Vado would seem to be obviously derived from it; but that of Sabbata orSabatia, on the other hand, is apparently connected with that of Saw7ia, a
