129G VIA AUEELIA. The stations from Rome, as far as Luna in Etruria, are thus given in the Antonine Itinerary (p.290, &c.) : Lorium (near Castel Guido) - xii. m. p. Ad Turres (Montero7ii)') - - x. Pyrgi {Sfa Severa) - - xii. Castrum Novum ( T. cU Ckiaruccia) viii. Centum Cellae (Civita VeccJiia) v. Martha (Ad Martam fi.) - - x. Fornm Aurelii (^Monialtof) - xxiv. Cosa (^Ansedonia) - - . xsv. Ad lacum Aprilem (Prilem) - xxii. Salebro (?) - - - - xii. Manliana (?) - - - ix. Populonium (Ru. of Populonia) xii. Vada Volaterrana ( Vada) - xxv. Ad Herculem (near Livorno) - xviii. Pisae {Pisa) . . - xii. Papiriana ( Viaregr/io .?) - - xi. Luna {Luni) - - xxiv. The stations thence along the coast of Ligu- ria as far as the river Varus have been mentioned in the article Ligukia; and the distances along this part of the line, in both the Antonine Itinerary and the Tabula, are so confused and corrupt that it is useless to attempt their correction. Even of that part of the Via Aurelia above given, along the coast of Etruria, several of the stations are very uncertain, and some of the distances are probably corrupt. From Rome to Centum Cellae, indeed, the road has been carefully examined and the distances verified (West- phal, RiJm. Kamp. pp. 162 — 169); but this has not been done farther on : and as the road traversed the Marenima, which was certainly in the latter ages of the Roman Empire, as at the present day, a thinly- peopled and unhealthy district, several of the stations were probably even then obscure and unimportant places. The Tabula, as usual, gives a greater number of such stations, several of which may be identified as the points where the road crossed rivers and streams whose names are known. But the route is given very confusedly, and the distances are often incor- rect, while in some cases they are omitted altogether. From Rome to m.p. Lorium {Castel Guido) - - xii. Baebiana (?) - - - — Alsium ( Palo) . _ - vi. Pyrgi {Sta Severa) - - - x. Punicum {Sta Marhiella) - — Castrum Novum ( Torredi Chiaruccia) ix. Centum Cellae {Civila Vecchia) iv. (Ad) Slinionem fl. {River Mir/none) — Graviscae . . . _. Tabellaria(?) - - .- v. Ad JIartam fl. ... ii. Forum Aurelii {Montalto?) - iii. (Ad) Arminiani fl. {River Fiora) iv. Ad Novas, or Ad Nonas - - iii. Sub Cosam - - - - ii. Cosa {Ansedonia) - - - ii. (Ad) Albiniam fl. {R. Albegna) - ix. Telamonem {Porto Talamone) - iv. Hastam ... - viii. (Ad)Umbronem fl. {R. Ombrone) viiii.(?) Salebro (?) - - - - xii. Manliana (?) - - - - ix. Populonium (Ru. of Populonia) - xii. Vada Volaterrana {Vada) - xx.(?) Ad Fines .... viii.(?) (Ad) Piscinas ... xiii.(?) Tarnta. {Triturrifa^ - - xvi.(?) Pisae {Pisa) - - - - ix. (?) VIA CASSIA. The distances between Populonium and Pisae, as well as those between Centum Cellae and Cosa, are in many cases unintelligible ; and it is often impos- sible to say to which of the stages they are meant to refer. The Via Aurelia (in the more extended sense of the term, as used in the Itineraries) communi- cated with Cisalpine Gaul and the Via Aemilia by two diflerent routes ; the one, which according to Strabo was constructed by Aemilius Scaurus at the same time that he continued the Via Aurelia to Vada Sabata, led from that place across the Apennines to Aquae Statiellae, and thence to Dertona, to which place the Via Aemilia had probably already been prolonged. (Strab. V. p. 217.) The other, which was known as the Via Postumia, and was therefore probably con- structed at a different period, led from Dertona across the mountains direct to Genua. Both these lines are given in the Antonine Itinerary and in the Tabula ; though in the former they are confused and mixed up with the direct line of the coast-road. [Ligu- kia.] 1 . From Genua to Dertona the stations were • — Libarnum (Ru. between Arquata and Serravalle) - - xxxvi. m. P. Dertona {Tortona) - - xxxv. The continuation of this route thence to Pla- centia will be found under Via Aemilia. 2. From Dertona to Vada Sabata : — D. to Aquae Statiellae {Acqui) xxvii. m.p. Crixia (?) - - xx. (xxii. Tdi.) Canalicum (?) - x. (xx. Tab.) Vada Sabata ( Vado) xii. (For the correction of these distances and more detailed examination of the routes in question, see Walckenaer, Geographie des Gaules, vol. iii. p. 22.) [E. H. B.] VIA CANDA'VIA. [Via Egnatia.] VIA CASSIA, was the name given to one of the principal highroads of Italy which led from Rome through the heart of Etruria to Arrietum, and thence by Florentia to Luca. The period of its construc- tion, as well as the origin of its name, is unknown. We learn only from a passage of Cicero that it was a well-known and frequented highway in his time, as that orator mentions it as one of the three roads by which he could proceed to Cisalpine Gaul. (Cic. P/til. xii. 9.) In the same passage, after speaking of the Flaminian Way as passing along the Upper Sea, and the Aurelian along the Lower, he adds : Etru- riam discriminat Cassia." Hence it is clear that it was the principal road through the centre of that province, and is evidently the same given in the An- tonine Itinerary (p. 285), though it is there erro- neously called the Via Clodia. But indeed the oc- currence of the Forum Cassii upon this line is in itself a sufficient proof that it was the Cassiaii and not the Clodian Way. The stations there set down, with their distances, are as follow: — m.p. From Rome to Baccanae {Baccano) - - xxi. Sutrium {Siitri) - - - xii. Forum Cassii (near Fe- tralla) ----- xi. Volsinii {Bolsena) - - xxviii. Clusium (C'/«'«i'i) - - - xxx. Ad Statuas . - - - xii. Arretium {Arezzo) - - xxv. Ad Fines ----- xxv. Florentia {Firenze) - - xxv. Pistoria {Pistoja) - - - xxv. Luca {Lttcca) - - - - xxv.
