1333 ZESUTERA. pie of Apollo, and another of Aphrodite, which two deities hence derived the epithet of Zeryiithian. (Cf. Liv. xxxviii. 41; Ov. Trist. i. 10. 19; Tzetz. ad Lycophr. 449, 958.) [T. H. D.] ZESUTEKA (/(. Ilier. p. 602), a town in the SE. of Thrace, on the Egnatian Way, between AprI and Siracellae, which Lapie identities with Kahva- man. [J- K] ZEUGITANA REGIO, the more northern part of the Roman province of Africa. Pliny seems to be the earliest writer who mentions the name of Zeugitana (v. 4. s. 3). A town of Zeugis is mentioned by Aethicus (^Cosmo'jr. p. 63), and a Zeugitanus, ap- parently a mountain, by Sulinus (" a pede Zeugi- tano," c. 27), which is perhaps the same as the Mons Ziguensis of Victor (de Persec. Vandal, iii.), the present Zow-wan; and according to Shaw {Tracels, i. p. 191, sq.), if the existence of a town or mountain so named is not altogether problema- tical, the province probably derived its name from either one or the other. The district was bounded on the S. by Byzacium, on the W. by Numidia, from which it was divided by the river Tusca (now Zaine), and on the N. and E. by the JIare Internum. After the time of Caesar it appears to have been called Provincia Vetus, or Africa Propria, as oj)posed to the later acquired Numidia. (Dion Cass, xliii. 10; Plin. I. c. ; JMela, i. 7.) Strabo mentions it only as ri Kaixvoovia, or the province of Carthage (vi. p. 267, &.C.). It embraced the modern Friijeah (which is doubtless a corruption of the ancient name of Af- rica) or northern part of the kingdom of Tunis. Zeugitana was watered by the Bagradas, and was a very fertile country. There were no towns of im- portance in the interior, but on the coast we find tjiagul, Neapolis, Curubis, Aspis or Clupea, Carpis, Tunes, Carthago, Castra Cornelia, Udca, and Hippo Diarrhytus. For further particulars concerning this province see Ai^uiCA. [T. H. D.] ZEUGMA. 1. (SeC^^a, Ptol. v. 15. § 14), a town founded by Seleucus Nicator, in the province of Cyrrhestica, in Syria. It derived its name from a bridge of boats which was here laid across the Eujihrates, and which in the course of time became the sole passage oer the river, when the older one at Thapsacus, 2000 stadia to the S., had become impracticable, or at all events very dangerous, owing to the spreading of the Arabian hordes. (Plin. v. 24. K. 21 ; Strab. xvi. p. 746; Steph. B. s. r.) Zeugma lay on the right bank of the Euphrates, opposite to Apamea, 72 miles SW. of Samosata, 175 miles NE. of the maritime Seleucia, and 36 miles N. of Hiera- polis. (Plin. I. c, and v. 12. s. 13 ; Strab. xvi. p. 749 ; Tab. Pent.) It was therefore opposite to the modern Bir or Biredsjik, which occupies the site of the ancient Apamea. (Cf. Ritter, Erdkunde, x. p. 944, seq.) In the time of Justinian, Zeugma had fallen into decay, but was restored by that emperor. Procop. de Atd. ii. 9, p. 237, ed. Bonn.) (Cf. CUlX OF ZEUGMA. ZIPHENE. Polyb. V. 43 ; Dion Cass. xl. 17, xlix. 19 ; Lucan, viii. 236; Jtin. Ant. pp. 184, 185, &c.) 2. A place in Dacia. (Ptol. iii. 8. § 10). Man- nert (iv. p. 210) identifies it with the Pons Augusti of the Geogr. Rav. (iv. 14) and Tab. Pent.; con- cerning which see above, p. 656.) [T. H. D.] ZICCHI (ZiK-xoi, Arrian, Perip. P. Etix. p. 19), ZINCHI (Ztyxoi, Ptol. v. 9. § 18), or ZINGI (PUn. vi 7. s. 7), a savage piratical tribe of Asiatic Sar- matia, on the coast of the Pontus Euxinus, between Sanigae and Acliaei They are called by Procopius Zrjxoi and ZrjKxot {B. Goth. iv. 4, B. Pers. ii. 29), and by Strabo, Zvyoi (i. p. 129, xi. pp,492, 495), if, indeed, he means the same people, as he places them in the interior on the Cauc:wus. [T. H. D.] ZIGAE, a people of Sarmatia, on the Tanais (Plin. vi. 7. s. 7). [T. H. D.] ZIGERE, a place in Lower Moesia, in the neigh- bourhood of Axiopolis (Plin. iv. U.S. 18). [T.H.D.] ZIGUENSIS MONS. [Zeugitana.] ZIKLAG, a town in the tribe of Simeon {Jos. xix. 5), which at first belonged to the Philistine city of Gath (I Sam. xxvii. 5), but was annexed to the kingdom of Israel by David. (1 Chron. xii. 1.) It appears to be the same as that called Se/ceAAa by Josepims (^Ant. vi. 14) and Se/fsAa by Stephanus B. It is now entirely destroyed. (Robinson, Travels, ii. p. 424.) [V.] ZILIA (Mel. iii. 10 ; ZiXsia or Ai|fi'a, Ptol. iv. 1. § 2), a river on the V. coast of JIauretania Tingi- tana, which fell into the sea near the town of the same name, N. of the Lixius. It is still called Ar- Zila. [T. H. D,] ZILIA (Mel. iii. 10 ; ZiAia, ZiXuai, and ZeiAi'a, Ptol.iv. 1. § 13, viii. 13.§4;Z?)Ais and ZeAtjs, Strab. xvii. p. 827, iii. p. 140), a town of some importance on tiie W. coast of JIauretania Tingitana, at the mouth of the like-named river, and on the road from Lix to Tingis, from which latter place it was 24 miles distant (/</?«. Ant.]). 8, where, and in Plin. v. 1. s. 1, it is called Zilis). It was founded by the Cartha- ginians, and made a colony by the Romans, with the surname of Julia Constantia, (Plin. I. c.) Ac- cording to Strabo (iii. p. 140), the Romans trans- planted the inhaljitants, as well as some of the citi- zens of Tingis, to Julia Joza in Spain. The place is still called Azzila, Aeila, Ar-Zila. [T. H. D.] ZIMARA (Zi'/unpo), a town in Armenia Minor, on the road from Satala to Jlelitena, between Ana- tiba and Teucira {It. Ant. p. 208 ; Ptol. v. 7. § 2 ; Tab. Peiit.^ The exact site is still matter of uncer- tainty, some finding traces of it near Pushash, others near Divriki, and others near Kemakh. (Ritter, Erdkunde, x. p. 800.) [L. S. ] ZINGIS PKOMONTORIUM {Zlyyis Ptol. i. 17. § 9, iv. 7. § 1 1 ) probably the Modern Maroe, was a headland on the eastern coast of Africa about lat. 10° N. It was conspicuous from its forked head and its elevation above a level shore of nearly 400 miles in extent. [W. B. D.] ZIOBERIS, a small river of Parthia mentioned by Curtius (vi. 4. § 4). It is probably the same as the Stiboites (2ti§oit7js) of Diodorus (xvii. 75), which flowed under the earth in some places, and at length fell into the Rhidagus (Curt. vi. 4. § 6). [V.] ZION. [Sign.] ZIPH. [SiFii.] ZIPHA (Zi(pa., Zvrpa, or Zicpap, Ptol. iv. 8. § 6), a mountain in the interior of Libya. [T. H. D.] ZIPHE'NE {Zi<p7]u-n, Joseph. Antlq. vi. 13), a district of Palaestina, in the neighbourhood of jM'-
