LAPURDUM. bestowed on them their freedom, and also restored their city. (Dion Cass. li. 2.) When Christianity was established. Lappa became an episcopal see ; the name of its bishop is recorded as present at the Synod of Ephesus, A. D. 431, and the Council of Chalcedon, a. d. 451, as well as on many other sub- sequent occasions. (Cornelius, Creia Sacra, vol. i. pp. 251, 252.) Lappa was 32 JI. P. from Eleutherna and 9 M P. from Cisamus, the piort of Aptera {Peut. Tab.); dis- tances which atjree very well with Polls, the modem representative of this famous city, where Jlr. Pashley (Travels, vol. i. p. 83) found considerable remains of a massive brick editice, with buttresses 15 feet wide and of 9 feet projection ; a circular building, 60 feet diameter, with niches round it 1 1 feet wide ; a cistern, 76 ft. by 20 ft. ; a Roman brick building, and several tombs cut in the rock. (Comp. 3fn3. Class. Antiq. vol. ii. p. 293.) One of the inscriptions relating to this city mentions a certain JIarcus Aurelius Clesippus, in whose honour the Lappaeans erected a statue. (Gruter, p. 1091; Csm, Antiq. Asiat. ^. 122; Mabillon, M us. Hal. p. 33; Boekh, Corp. Inscr. Gr. vol. ii. p. 428.) The head of its benefactor Augustus is exhibited on the coins of Lappa : one has the epigraph, ©Efi KAI2API SEBASTil; others of Domitian and Conmiodus are found. (Hardouin, Num. Antiq. pp. 93, 94 ; Mionnet, vol. ii. p. 286 ; Snpplcm. vol. iv. p. 326 ; Rasche, vol. ii. pi. ii. p. 1493.) On the .autonomous coins of Lappa, from which Spanheim supposed the city to have possessed the right of asylum, like the Grecian cities enumerated in Tacitus, see Eckhel, vol. ii. p. 315. The maritime symbols on the coins of Lappa are accounted for by the ex- tension of its territory to both shores, and the posses- sion of the port of Phoenix. [E. B. J.] LAPURDUM, in Gallia. This place is only men- tioned in the Notilia of the Empire, which fixes it in Novempopulana; but there is neither any historical notice nor any Itinerary measurement to determine its position. D'Anville, who assumes it to be re- presented by Bayonne, on the mex Adour, says that the name of Bayonne succeeded to that of Lapurdum, and the country contained between the Adour and the Bidasoa has rc'tained the naine of Lahourd. It is said that the bishopric of Bayonne is not men- tioned before the tenth century. The name Bayonne is Basque, and means " port." It seems probable that Lapurdum may have been on the site of Bayonne ; but it is not certain. [G. L.] LAR FLUVIUS. [Canis Flumen.] LARANDA (ra AapavSa : Eth. AapavSet;?, f. Aapav^is ; Larenda or Karaman), one of the most important towns of Lycaonia, 400 stadia to the south-east of Iconium. Strabo (xii. p. 569) states that the town belonged to Antipater of Derbe, which shows that for a time it was governed by native princes. Respecting its history in antiquity scarcely anything is known beyond the fact that it was taken by storm, and destroyed by Perdiccas (Diod. sviii. 22) ; that it was afterwards rebuilt, and on ac- count of the fertility of its neighbourhood became one of the chief seats of the Isaurian pirates. (Amm. Marc. xiv. 2 ; comp. Steph. B. s. v. ; Ptol. v. 6. § 17; Hierocl. p. 675 ; Euseb. Hist. Eccl. vi. 19.) .Suidas (s. v.) says that Laranda was the birthplace of Nestor, an epic poet, and father of Pisander, a poet of still greater celebrity; but when he calls the former Aapav^tvs iic Avidas, he probably mistook Lycia for Lycaonia. Leake (As. Min. p. 100) LARINUM. 125 states that he found no Greek remains at Laranda nor are there any coins belonging to the place. The ancient name, Larenda, is still in common use among the Christians, and is even retained in the firmans of the Porte ; but its more general name, Karaman, is derived from a Turkish chief of the same name ; for it was at one time the capital of a Turkish kingdom, which lasted from the time of the partition of the dominion of the Seljukian monarchs of Iconium until 1486, when it was conquered by the emperor Bayazid II. At present the town is but a poor place, with some manufactures of coarse cotton and woollen stuffs. Respecting a town in Cappadocia, called by some Laranda, see the article Lkandis. [L. S.] LARES (Sail. Jug. 90, where Laris is the ace. pi. : Adpjjs, Ptol. iv". 3. § 28 : the abl. form La- EiBus is given, not only, as is so usual, in the Itin. Ant. p. 26, and the Tab. Peut., but also by Au- gustine, adv. Donat. vi. 20 ; and that this ablative was used for the nominative, as is common in the Romance languages, is shown by the Greek form AaptSos, Procop. B. V. ii. 23, whence came at once the modern name, Larhuss or Lorbi/s). An important city of Numidia, mentioned in the Jugurthine War as the place chosen by Marias for his stores and military chest. (Sail. Jurj. I. c.) Under the Romans it became a colony, and belonged to the province of Africa and the district of Byzacena. Ptolemy places it much too far west. It lay to the E. of the Bagradas, on the road from Carthage to Thevesle, 63 M. P. from the latter. In the later period of the Empire it had decayed. (Pellissier, Exploration Scientifque de I'Ahjtrie, vol. vi. p. 375.) [P. S.] LARGA, in Gallia, is placed by the Anton. Itin. between the two known positions of Epamanduodurum (Mandeure) and Mons Brisiacus (Vieux BvisacJi). The distance from Epamanduodurum to Larga is 24 JI. P. in the Itin., and in the Table 16 Gallic leagues, which is the same thing. Larga is Laryitzen, on or near the Largues, in the French department of TIaut Rhin and in the neighbourhood oi Allkirch. [El'.VMANDUODUKUM.] [G. L.] LA'RICA (Aapi/fr}, Ptol. vii. 1. §§ 4, 62), a rich commercial district on the extreme of India, described by Ptolemy as being between Syrastrene and Ariaca, and having for its chief town Barygaza (Beroach), the emporium of all the surrounding country. It must, therefore, have comprehended considerable part of Giizerat, and some of the main land of India, between the gulf of Barygaza and the Namadus or Nerhudda. Ptolemy considered Larice to have been part of Indo-Scythia (vii. 1. § 62), the Scythian tribes having in his day reached the sea coast in that part of India. [V.] LAPJ'NUM (AapifO!/,Ptol.; Acipi/'o, Steph. B.: Eth. AapivaloT, Steph. B.; but Aapiyarts, Pol; Lari- nas, -atis : Larino Vecchio), a considerable city in the northern part of Apulia, situated about 14 miles from the sea, a little to the S. of the river Tifernus. There is much discrepancy among ancient authori- ties, as to whether Larinum with its territory, ex- tending from the river Frento to the Tifernus, belonged properly to Apulia or to the land of the Frentani. Ptolemy distinctly assigns it to the latter people; and Pliny also, in one passage, speaks of the " Larinates cognomine Frentani :" but at the same time he distinctly places Larinum in Apulia, and not in the " regio Frentana," which, according to him, begins only from the Tifernus. Jlela takes the same view, while Strabo, strangely enough, omits all
