Orychoma was the same as the fort Achaia, which is said to have been the first settlement of the Heliadae ia the island (Diod. Sic. v. 57; Athen. viii. p. 360); at any rate, Achaia was situated in the territory of Ialysus, which bore the name Ialysia. (Comp. Hom. Il. ii. 656; Pind. Ol. vii. 106; Herod, ii. 182; Thucyd. viii. 44; Ptol. v. 2. § 34; Steph. B. s.v.; Scylax, Peripl. p. 81; Dionys. Perieg. 504; Ov. Met. vii. 365; Pomp. Mela, ii. 7.) The site of ancient Ialysus is still occupied by a village bearing the name Ialiso, about which a few ancient remains are found. (Ross, Reisen auf den Griech. Inseln, vol. iii. p. 98.) [ L. S. ]
IAMNIA (Ἰαμνής, LXX.; Ἰάμνια, Ἰάμνεία, Ἰεμναά), a city of the Philistines, assigned to the tribe of Judah in the LXX. of Joshua xv. 45 (Γέμνα); but omitted in the Hebrew, which only mentions it in 2 Chron. xxvi. 6 (Jabneh in the English version), as one of the cities of the Philistines taken and destroyed by king Uzziah. It is celebrated by Philo Judaeus as the place where the first occasion was given to the Jewish revolt under Caligula, and to his impious attempt to profane the temple at Jerusalem. His account is as follows:—In the city of Iamnia, one of the most populous of Judaea, a small Gentile population had established itself among the more numerous Jews, to whom they occasioned no little annoyance by the wanton violation of their cherished customs. An unprincipled government officer, named Capito, who had been sent to Palestine to collect the tribute, anxious to pre-occupy the emperor with accusations against the Jews before their well-grounded complaints of his boundless extortion could reach the capital, ordered an altar of mud to be raised in the town for the deification of the emperor. The Jews, as he had anticipated, indignant at the profanation of the Holy Land, assembled in a body, and demolished the altar. On hearing this, the emperor, incensed already at what had lately occurred in Egypt, resolved to resent this insult by the erection of an equestrian statue of himself in the Holy of Holies. (Philo, de Legat. ad Caium, Op. vol. ii. p. 573.) With respect to its site, it is assigned by Josephus to that part of the tribe of Judah occupied by the children of Dan (Ant. v. 1. § 22); and he reckons it as an inland city. (Ant. xiv. 4. § 4, B. J. i. 7. § 7.) Thus, likewise. in the 1st book of Maccabees (x. 69, 71), it is spoken of as situated in the plain country; but the author of the 2nd book speaks of the harbour and fleet of the Iamnites, which were fired by Judas Maccabaeus; when the light of the conflagration was seen at Jerusalem, 240 stadia distant. The apparent discrepancy may, however, be reconciled by the notices of the classical geographers, who make frequent mention of this town. Thus Pliny expressly says, "Iamnes duae: altera intus," and places them between Azotus and Joppa (v. 12); and Ptolemy, having mentioned Ἰαμνητῶν, "the port of the Iamnites," as a maritime town between Joppa and Azotus, afterwards enumerates Iamnia among the cities of Judaea. From all which it is evident that Iamnia had its Majuma. or naval arsenal, as Gaza, Azotus, and Ascalon also had. (Le Quien, Oriens Christ. vol. iii. col. 587, and 622.) The Itinerary of Antoninus places it 36 M. P. from Gaza, and 12 M. P. from Diospolis (or Lydda); and Eusebius (Onom.s.v.Ἰάμνεια) places it between Diospolis and Azotus. Its site is still marked by ruins which
IAPODES.
3
retain the ancient name Yehna, situated on a small eminence on the west side of Wady Rubin, an hour distant from the sea. (Irby and Mangles, Travels, p. 182.) "The ruins of a Roman bridge," which they noticed, spanning the Nahr-el-Rubin between Yebna and the sea, was doubtless built for the purpose of facilitating traffic between the town and its sea-port. [ G. W. ]
IAMPHORINA, the capital of the Maedi, in Macedonia, which was taken B. C. 211 by Philip, son of Demetrius. (Liv. xxvi. 25.) It is prcbably represented by Vraniá or Ivorina, in the upper valley of the Moráva. (Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iii. p. 473.) [ E. B. J. ]
JANUA′RIA (Ἰανουαρία ἄκρα), a promontory on the coast of Cilicia. near Serrepolis, between Mallus and Aegaea. (Stadiasm. §§ 149, 150.) It is now called Karadash. [ L. S. ]
IA′PIS (Ἰαπίς), a small stream which formed the boundary between Megaris and the territory of Eleusis. [Attica, p. 323, a.]
IA′PODES, IAP′YDES (Ἰάποδες, Strab. iii. p. 207, vii. p. 313; Ἰάπυδες, Ptol. ii. 16. § 8; Liv. xliii. 5; Virg. Georg. iii. 475; Tibull. iv. 1. 108), an Illyrian people to the N. of Dalmatia, and E. of Liburnia, who occupied Iapydia (Plin. iii. 19), or the present military frontier of Croatia, comprised between the rivers Kulpa and Korana to the N. and E., and the Velebich range to the S.
In the interior, their territory was spread along Mons Albius (Velika), which forms the extremity of the great Alpine chain, and rises to a great elevation; on the other side of the mountain they reached towards the Danube, and the confines of Pannonia. They followed the custom of the wild Thracian tribes in tattooing themselves, and were armed in the Keltic fashion, living in their poor country (like the Morlacchi of the present day) chiefly on zea and millet. (Strab. vii. p. 315.)
In B. C. 129, the consul C. Sempronius Tuditanus carried on war against this people, at first unsuccessfully, but afterwards gained a victory over them, chiefly by the military skill of his legate, D. Junius Brutus, for which he was allowed to celebrate a triumph at Rome (Appian, B. C. i. 19, Illyr. 10; Liv. Epit. lix.; Fasti Capit.) They had a "foedus" with Rome (Cic. pro Balb. 14), but were in B. C. 34 finally subdued by Octavianus, after an obstinate defence, in which Metulum, their principal town was taken (Strab. l. c.; Appian, Illyr.l. c.).
Metulum (Μετοῦλον), their capital, was situated on the river Colapis (Kulpa) to the N., on the frontier of Pannonia (Appian, l. c.), and has been identified with Möttling or Métlika on the Kulpa. The Antonine Itinerary has the following places on the road from Senia (Zeugg) to Siscia (Sissek): —Avendone (comp. Peut. Tab.; Abeudo, Geog. Rav.; Αὐενδεάται, Appian, Illyr.l. c.; Οὐενδος, Strab. iv. p. 207, vii. p. 314.); Arupium (Arypium, Peut. Tab.; Parupium, Geog. Rav.; Ἀρουπῖνοι, App. Illyr. 16., perhaps the same as the Ἀρουκκία. of Ptolemy, ii. 16. § 9), now Ottochatz. At Bibium, which should be read Bivium (Wesseling, ad loc.), the road divided, taking a direction towards Pannonia, which the Itinerary follows, and also towards Dalmatia, which is given in the Peutinger Table.
Neigebaur (Die Sudslaven, pp. 224-235) has identified from a local antiquary the following sites of the Table:
