MAARATH. metropolis. It is not now certain where it stood, but some have identified it with Tamankadaice. Some MSS. read Naagrammum, but Maagrammum must be correct, as its form shows its Sanscrit origin. Lassen has supposed it stood at the SE. end of the island, and that its ancient name was Maha- grdma. [V.J MAARATH, a city of .Judah situated in the mountains, mentioned only in the list in the book of Joshua (xv. 59). Reland (Palaest. s. v. p. 879) suggests that a lofty mountain, JIardes, near the Dead Sea, may have derived its name from this city. [G. W.] MAARSARES. [Babylonia, p. 362, a.] MABOG. [HiERAFOLis.] MACAE (Ma/cai), a people of Arabia mentioned by Ptolemy (vi. 7. § 14), immediately within the Persian Giilf, as inhabiting the shores of the ex- tensive bay of the Fish-eaters (^IxSvocpdyaiv /ccJAttoi). They occupied apparently the western shore of Cape Musseldom, as Pliny (vi. 26) states that the width of the strait from the promontory of Carmania to the opposite shore and the Macae, is 50 miles. They were bounded on the east by the Naritae (No- pf?Tai) [EriMARANiTAE]. Mr. Forster considers the Macae of Ptolemy is a palpable contraction of the Naumachaei of Pliny, and that this tribe is re- covered in the Jowaser Arabs, the most famous pirates of the Persian Gulf. (^Geog. of Arabia, vol. ii. p. 225.) It is clear that the " Nauma- chaeorum promontorium " of Pliny (vi. 32) is identical with the modern Cape Musseldom, at which he places the JIacae. (Conip. Strabo, p. 765.) He mentions a remarkable story in con- nection with this place: that Numenius, who had been appointed prefect of Mesena by King Antiochus, gained a naval victory over the Persians, and on the same day, on the tide receding, conquered them in a cavalry engagement, and erected on the same spot two trophies, — one to Neptune, the other to Jupiter. [G. W.] MACAE (MctKai), one of the aboriginal tribes of the Regio Syrtica, on the N. Coast of Libya, on the river Cinyps, according to Herodotus, who describes their customs (iv. 175; comp. Scyl. p. 46; Diod. iii. 48; PHn. vi. 23, 26: Sil. iii 275; Ptol. iv. 3. § 27, calls them UlaKouoi or Maicai, 'ZvpTl-rai). Polybius mentions Maccaei in the Carthaginian army. (Pol. iii. 33.) [P. S.] JIACALLA (Ma/caAAa), an ancient city of Bruttium, where, according to Lycophron, was the sepulchre of Philoctetes, to whom the inhabitants paid divine honours. (Lycophr. Alex. 927.) The author of the treatise Be Alirabilibus, ascribed to Aristotle, mentions the same tradition, and adds that the hero had deposited there in the temple of Apollo Halius the bow and arrows of Hercules, which had, however, been removed by the Crotoniats to the temple of Apollo in their own city. We learn from this auth'ir that Macalla was in the territory of Crotona, about 120 stadia from that city ; but its position cannot be determined. It was doubtless an Oenotrian town : at a later period all trace of it disappears. (Pseud.- Arist. de Mirab. 107: Steph. B. s. V. ; Schol. ad Lycophr. I. c.) [E. H. B.j MACANI'TAE. [Mauret.vuia.] MACARAS. [Bragadas.] MACA'REAE (MaK-ape'ai : Eth. MaKaptew), a town of Arcadia, in the district Parrhasia, 22 stadia from Megalopolis, on the road to Phigaleia, and 2 staiiia from the Alpheius. It was in ruins in the MACEDONIA. 233 time of Pausanias, as its inhabitants had been re- moved to ]Iegalopolis upon the foundation of the latter. (Paus. viii. 3. § 3, viii. 27. § 4, viii, 36 § 9 ; Steph. B. s. v.) MACA'RIA (Ma/capio, Ptol. v. 14. § 4), a town on the N. coast of Cyprus, E. of Ceryneia. (Engel, Kypros, vol. i. p. 83.) ' [E. B. J.] MACA'RIA (Ma/capio), that is, " the blessed (island)," a name given by the poets to several islands, such as Cyprus, Lesbos, and Rhodes ; but also occurs as a proper name of an island in the south of the Arabian gulf, a little to the north of the gulf of Adule. [L. S.] MACATU'TAE (MaKaToDrai), a people in the extreme W. of Cyrenaica, on the border of tiie pro- vince of Africa, above the Velpi Monies. (Ptol. iv. 4. §10.) [P.S.] IMACCHURE'BL [Matjretania.] MACCOCALINGAE. [Cauxgae.] MACCU'RAE. [Mauretania.] MACEDO'NIA (^ Ma/ceSovi'a), the name applied to the country occupied by the tribes dwelling north- ward of Thessaly, and Mt. Olympus, eastward of the chain by which Pindus is continued, and westward of the river Axius. The extent of country, indeed, to which the name is generally given, embraces later enlargements, but, in its narrowest sense, it was a veiy small country, with a peculiar population. I. Name, race, and original seats. The Macedonians (Ma/ceSJi'ej or Ma/crjSoVes), as they are called by all the ancient poets, and in the fragments of epic poetry, owed their name, as it was said, to an eponymous ancestor; according to some, this was Macednus, son of Lycaon, from whom the Arcadians were descended (Apollod. iii. 8. § 1), orMacedon, the brother of Magnes, or a son of Aeolus, according to He.-iod and Hellanicus {ap. Const. Porph. de Them. ii. 2 ; comp. Aelian. H. A . X. 48; Eustath. ad Dion. P. 247; Steph. B.). These, as well as the otherwise imsupported state- ment of Herodotus (i. 56), of the original identity of the Doric and Macednian (Macedonian) peoples, are merely various attempts to form a genealogical con- nection between this semi-barbarous people and the rest of the Hellenic race. In the later poets, they appear, sometimes, under the name of Macetae (Sil. Ital. xiii. 878, xiv. 5, xvii, 414, 632; Stat. Sil. iv. 6. 106; Auson. de Clar. Urh.W.^: Gell, x. 3). And their countiT is called Macetia (Ma/cer/a, Hesych. s. v.; Eustath. ad Dion. P. I. c). In the fiishion of wearing the mantle and ar- ranging their hair, the Macedonians bore a great resemblance to the Illyrians (Strab. vii. p. 327), but the fact that their language was different (Polyb. xxviii. 8) contradicts the supposition of their Iljy- rian descent. It was also different from Greek, but in the Macedonian dialect there occur many gram- matical forms which are commonly called Aeolic, together with many Arcadian and Thessalian words; and what perhaps is still more decisive, several words which, though not found in the Greek, have been preserved in the Latin language. (Comp. Miiller, Dorians, vol. i. p. 3, trans.) The ancients were unanimous in rejecting them from the true Hellenic family, but they must not be confounded with the armed plunderers — Illyrians, Thracians, and Epirots, by whom they were surrounded, as th^y resemble more nearly the Thessalians, and other ruder members of the Grecian name. These tribes, which differed as much in anciecl
