242 MACROPOGONES. Some parts of this wall, which at a later period proved useful against the Turks, are still existintr. (I'rocop. de Aed. iv. 9; coinp. Diet, of Biogr. Vol. I. p. 159.) [L.S.] JIACROPOGO'NES (MaKpoirdryaives'), or the " Loiiirbeards," one of the tribes of the W. Caucasus (Strab. xi. p. 492). whose position must be fixed -somewhere near Twdbtizun. (Chesney, Euphrat. vol. i. p. 276.) [E. B. J.] MACTO'PilUM QAaKrdipiov), a town of Sicily, in the neislibourhood of Gela, mentioned by Herodotus (vii. 153), who tells us that it was occupied by a body of Geloan citizens, who were driven out from their country, and were restored to it by Telines, the ancestor of Gelon. The name is also found in Stephanus of Byzantium (s. v.), who cites it from Pliilistus, but no mention of it occurs in later times. The only clue to its position is that afforded by Herodotus, who calls it "a city above Gela," by which he must mean further inland. Cluyerius conjectures that it may have occupied the site of Biitera, a town on a hill about 8 miles inland from Terranova, the site of Gela. (Cluver. Sicil. p. 363.) [E.H.B.] MACUM, a town in the north of Aethiopia. (Plln. vi. 29. s. 35.) JIACUREBI. [Matieetania.] MACY'NIA {yiuKwia, Strab. x.p. 451; UaKvva, Plut. Quaest. Graec. 15; VlaKvveia, Steph. B. s. v. : Eth. UlaKvvevs), a town of Aetolia on the coast, at the foot of the eastern slope of Mount Taphlassus. According to Strabo It was built after the return of the Heraclidae into Peloponnesus. It is called a town of the Ozollan Locrians by the poet Archytas of Amphissa, who describes it in an hexameter line : " the crape-clad, perfume-breathing, lovely Macyna." It is also mentioned in an epigram of Alcaeus, the Jlessenian, who was a contemporary of Philip V., king of Macedonia. Pliny mentions a mountain Ma- cynium, which must have been part of Mount Ta- phi.^ssus, near Macynia, unless it is indeea a mistake for the town. (Strab. x. pp. 451, 460 ; Plut. I. c. ; Anth. Graec. ix. 518; Plin. iv. 3; heake, Northern Greece, vol. i. p. 1 1 1.) MACY'NIUM. [Macvnia ; Aetolia, p. 63, b.] MADAI. [Media.] MADAURA (Augustin. Ep. 49, Conf. ii. 3) or Madukus (MaSoupos, Ptol. iv. 3. § 30), a town in the north of Numidia, near Tagaste, which must not be confounded with Medaura, the birthplace of Appuleius. [Medaura.] MADEB A (MaiSagai/, LXX. ; Me5a'§rj, Joseph.), a city originally of Moab, and afterwards ob- tained by conquest by Sihon, king of the Amor- ites. (A'j«??i&. xxi. 30; comp. Joseph. Ant. xiii. 1. §§ 2, 4.) The name does not occur in the LXX. in two of the passages in which it is found in the Hebrew, eVi MwaS being substituted in Numbers {I. c.) and T7)s MaiaSlriSos in Isaiah (xv. 2). It fell to the lot of the Reubenites in the division of the tr.ans-Jordanic conquests, and was in their southern border. {Josh. xiii. 9, 16.) It was one of several Moabite cities occupied by the Jews under Hyrcanus and Alexander Jannaeus (.Joseph. Ant. xiii. 9. § Ij 15. g 4)j but was afterwards restored by Hyrcanus II. to Aretas (xiv. 1. § 4). M^Sai/a is placed by Ptolemy (v. 17. § 6) in Arabia Petraea, and joined with Heshbon, coiisistently with which Eusebius and S. Jerome (Onomast. s. v.) notice it as still existing, under its old name, in the vicinity of Heshbon ; where its ruins may still be identified. MAEA. " In order to see Medaba, I left the great road at Hesban, — and proceeded in a more eastern direction. ... At the end of eight hours we reached Madeha built upon a roimd hill. This is the ancient Medaba, but there is no river near it. It is at least half an hour in circumference : I observed many remains of the walls of private houses, constructed with blocks of siles; but not a single edifice is standing. There is a large Birket" (" the immense tank" mentioned by Irby and Mangles, p. 471, as " the only object of interest "). " On the west side of the town are the foundations of a temple, built with large stones, and apparently of great antiquity. ... A part of its eastern wall remains. At the entrance of one of the courts stand two columns of the Doric order : ... in the centre of one of the courts is a large well." (Burckhardt, Travels in Syrki, pp. 365, 366.) It is mentioned as ir6is M.rjSd.Scei' in the Council of Chalcedon, and was an episcopal see of the Third Palaestine, or of Arabia. (Reland, Palaestlna, s.v. pp. 893, 216—219; Le Quien, Oriens Chris- tianus, col. 769 — 772.) [G W.] MADE'NA, a district in Armenia Minor, between the Cyrus and Araxes. (Sext. Ruf. in Lucidl. 1 5 ; Eutrop. viii 4.) MADETHU'BADUS M. {rh Ma^eeov§a5ov ^ Mae9ov6aov opos^, is the name applied by Pto- leTny (iv. 2. § 15) to that part of the prolongation of the Atlas chain S. of Mauretania Caesariensis which contained the sources of the Chinalaph and its tributaries. [Comp. Atlas.] [P. S.] MA'DIA (MaSi'a, Ptol. v. 10. § 6), a place in the interior of Colchis, probably the Matium of Pliny (vi. 4). MADIS. [Madytus.] MADMANNA (Maxapi>, LXX. ; Mrjveerivd, Euseb.), a city of the tribe of Judah mentioned only in Joshua (xv. 31). It was situated in the south of the tribe, apparently near Ziklag. Eusebius, who confounds it with the JIadmenah of Isaiah (x. 31), mentions the ruins of a town near Gaza, named Menois (Mrj^oei's), which he identifies with Mad- manna. {Onomast s. v.) [G. W.] MADMENAH (MaSegTjccJ, LXX.), a town or vil- lage on the confines of the tribes of Judah and Ben- jamin, mentioned only in Isaiah (x. 31). It was ob- viously on or near the line of march of an invading army approaching Jerusalem from the north, by way of Michmash, and apparently between Anathoth and Jerusalem. It is confounded with Madmanna by Eusebius. {Onomast, s. v. MT}ve€r]pd.) [G.W.] MADOCE (Ma5($«7} iroAis), a city on the south coast of Arabia, in the country of the Homeritae, apparently in the extreme west of their district, and consequently not far to the west of Aden. (Ptol. vi. 7. § 9.) It is not otherwise known. [G. W.] MADUATE'NI, a people of Thrace, mentioned by Livy (xxxviii. 40) along with the Astii, Caeni, and Corel i, but otherwise unknown. MADU'RUS. [Madauka.] MA'DYTUS (MaSvrds : Eth. MaSvrios), an im- portant port town in the ThracianChersonesus, on the Hellespont, nearly opposite to Abydos. (Liv. xxxi. 1 6, xxxiii.38 ; Mela, ii.2 ; AnnaComn.xiv. p. 429 ; Steph. Byz. s. V. ; Strab. vii. p. 331.) Ptolemy (iii. 12. § 4) mentions in the same district a town of the name of Madis, which some identify with Madytus, but which seems to have been situated more inland. It is generally believed that Maito marks the site of the ancient Madytus. [L. S.] MAEA (Mota, Stadiasm. ^far. Magn. §§ 74, 75;
