396 NALATA. his victory over the Goths in A.d. 269 (Zosim. i. 45); but the town is chiefly memorable as the birth- place of Constantine the Great. (Steph. B s. v. ; Const. Porph. de Them. ii. 9. p. 56, ed. Bonn.) It was destroyed by the Huns under Attila (Priscus, p. 171, ed. Bonn.), but was restored by Justinian (Procop. iv. 1, where it is called Naisopolis). It .still exists under the name of Nissa, upon the river Nif:sava, an affluent of the Morava. NALATA. [Daljiatia.] NAMADUS (Na^aSoy, or Na/xaSTis, Ptol. vii. 1. §§ 5, 31, 62, 65), a great river of Western India, which, after risins; in the M. Vindius (Vindfiya Mountains), falls into the S. Barygazenus (GiiJf of Camhay), not far from the town of Beroach. In the Peripl. M. Eryth: (^Geogr. Grace, vol. i. p. 29 1 , ed. Miiller) the river is called Namnadius (Na/ii-ciSios). The present name is Nerhudda, which, like the Greek form, is doubtless derived from the Sanscrit Narmada, "pleasant." (Forbes, Oriental Mem. ii. pp. 8, 104— 112.) [V.] NAMNE'TES, NANXE'TES (Na^rijTai, Ptol. ii. 8. § 9), for there is authority for both fonns, were a Gallic people on the north side of the Liger {Loire), and on the sea. The river separated them from the Pictones or Pictavi. (Strab. iv. p. 190.) Their chief to^vn was Condivicnuni {Nantes). When Caesar was carrying on liis war with the Yeneti, these maritime Galli called in to their aid the Osismi, Nannetes, and other neighbouring people. (Caes. B. G. iii. 9.) The Brivates Portus of Ptolemy is within the limits of the Namnetes. The former diocese of Nantes exceeded the limits of the territoiy of the Namnetes. [G. L.] NANAGU'NA {^avayovvas, Ptol. vii. 1 . §§ 7, 32, 36), a con.siderable river of Western India, which rises, like the Nerhudda, in the Vindhya ^fountains, .and flows into the Indian Ocean to the S. of the former river, not far from Surat. Its present name is the Tapati or Tapti. (Lassen, Ind. Alterth. vol. i. p. 88. [v.] NANIGEIRL [NAGEipa.] NANTUA'TES, a people who bordered on the Allobroges, who in Caesar's time were included within the limits of the Provincia. Caesar {B. G. iii. 1) at the close of the campaign of b. c. 57 sent Servius Galba with some troops into the country of the " Nantuates, Veragri and Seduni, who extend from the borders of the Allobroges, the Lacus Lemannus and the river Rhone to the summits of the Alps." The position of the Seduni in the valley of the Rhone about Sitten or Sion, and of the Veragri lower down at Martigny or JIartinach, being ascertained, we must place the Nantuates in the Chablais, on the south side of the Leman lake, a position which is conformable to Cae>ais text. Strabo (iv. p. 204) who probably got his information from Caesar's work, speaks " of the Veragri, Nan- tuatae, and the Leman lake ;" from which we might infer that the Nantuates were near the lake. An inscription in honour of Augustus, which ac- cording to Guichenon's testimony was found at Maurice, which is in the Valais lower down than Martigny, contains the words " Nantuates patrono ;" and if the inscription belongs to the spot where it is found, it is some evidence that the Nantuates were in the lower part of the Valais. But if the Nan- tuates vrere neighbours of the Allobroges, they must have extended westward along the south bank of the lake into the Chablais. The Chablais is that part of Savoy which lies along the Leman lake NAPATA. between the Arve and the Valais. It is not certain how far the Allobroges extended along the Leman lake east of Geneva, which town was in their territory. It has been observed that the word Nant in the Celtic language signifies " running water ; " and it is said that in the dialect of Savoy, every little mountain stream is called Nant, and that there are many streams of this name. Nant is also a Welsh word for stream. There is another passage in Caesar, where the name Nantuates occurs in the common texts {B. G. iv. 10), which has caused great difficulty. He says that the Rhenus rises in the country of the Lepontii who occupy the Alps, and that it flows by a long distance (longo spatio) through the country of the Nantuates, Helvetii, and others. Walckenaer affirms {Gtog. cje. vol. i. p. 558) that the best and the greater part of the MSS. of Caesar have Vatuatium ; but this is not true. The readings in this passage are Nantuatium, Natuantium, Vatuantium, Man- tuantium, and some other varieties. (Caesar, ed. Schneid.) Strabo (iv. p. 192) says that the Aetuatae (AlTovdrai) inhabit the first part of the course of the Rhine, and that the sources of the river are in their conntry near Jlount Adulas. Casaubou changed Aetuatae into Nantuatae to make it agree with Caesar's text, and Cluver changed it into Helvetii. Both changes are opposed to sound criti- cism. The name in Caesar's text is not certain, and in Strabo it may be wrong, but nothing is plainer than that these people, whatever is their name, are in the valley of the Rhine. Oberlin in his edition of Caesar has put the name " Sarune- tium" in place of "Nantuatium;" but the Sa- runetes of Pliny were in the valley of Sargans. Groskurd (Transl. Strab. vol. i. p. 192) has adopted the alteration "Helvetii" in his translation; and veiy injudiciously, for the Helvetii were not in the high Alps. Ukert {Gallien, p. 349) would also alter Strabo's Aetuatae into Nantuatae to fit the common text of Caesar ; and he gives his explanation of the position of the Nantuatae, which is a very bad explanation. The Nantuates occur among the ™ Alpine peoples who are mentioned in the Trophy of ■ Augustus (Plin. iii. 20). and they are placed thus : m " Lepontii, Uberi, Nantuates, Seduni, Veragri," from which, if we can conclude anything, we may con- clude that these Nantuates are the Nantuates of the Lower Valais. [G. L.] NAPAEL [Taurica Chersonesus.] NAPARIS (Nairapis, Herod, iv. 48), an affluent of the Ister, identified by Schafarik {Slaioische Alterthumer, voL i. p. 506) M-ith the Apus of the Peutinger Table. It is one of the rivers which take their source in the Transylvanian Alps, probably the Ardschich. [E. B. J.] NAPA'TA (NdTroTct, Strab. svii. p. 820; Ptol. iv. 7. § 19, viii. 16. § 8; NaTrarai, Steph. B. s. v.; Tavdiri], Dion Cass. liv. 5.), was the capital of an Aethiopian kingdom, north of the insular region of Meroe, and in about lat. 19° N. There is, how- ever, great difficulty in detemiining the true position of Napata, as Strabo {I. c.) places it much farther N. than Pliny, and there is reason for supposing that it is the designation of a royal residence, which might be moveable, rather than of a fixed locahly. Ritter {Erdkunde, vol. i. p. 591) brings Napata as far north as Primis {Ilrim), and the ruins at Ip- sambul, while Manucrt, Ukert, and other geogra- phers believe it to have been Meraice. on the furthest northern point of the region of Meroe. It is, how-
