NUMANA. angles to its former course, nms to the W., and after pasbing through tlie great fresh-water lake of Dehaid, enters the sea at Cape Nun. The name of this cape, so celebrated in the Portuguese discoveries of the 15th century, appears to have a much older origin llian has been supposed, and goes back to the time of rtolemy. Edrisi speaks of a town, Nul or Wadi Nun, somewhat more to the S., and three days' jnur- ney in the interior; Leo Africanus calls it Belad de Non. (Humboldt, Aspects of Nature, vol. i. pp. 118— 120, trans.) [E. B. J.] KUJIANA (Nou/iafo: Eth. Numanas: Umana), a town of Picenum, situated on the sea-coast of that province, 8 miles S. of Ancona, at the southern extremity of the mountain promontory called Jlons Cumerus. (Plin. iii. 13. s. 18; Ptol." iii. 1. § 21; Mel. ii. 4. § 6; Jtin. Ant. p. 312.) Its foundation is ascribed by Pliny to the Siculi; but it is doubtful whether this is not a mistake; and it seems pro- bable that Nuniana as well as Ancona was colonised by Sicilian Greeks, as late as the time of Dionysius of Syracuse. No mention of it is found in history; but Silius Italicus enumerates it among the towns of Picenum in the Second Punic War ; and we learn from inscriptions that it was a municipal town, and apparently one of some consideration, as its name is associated with the important cities of Ae.>is and Auximum. (Sil. Ital. viii. 431; Gruter, Inscr. p. 446. 1, 2; Orell. /»wcr. 3899, 3900.) The Itineraries place it 8 miles from Ancona and 10 from Potentia. {I tin. Ant. p. 312; Tab. Feut.) It was in early ages an episcopal see, but this was afterwards united with that of Ancona. The an- cient city was destroyed by the Lombards in the eighth centurv ; and the modern Umana is a poor place. ' [E. H. B.] NUMA'NTIA (NouAtO'Tia, Ptol. ii. 6. § 56 ; Uofj.avTia, Steph. B. s. v.), the capital of the Are- vaci in Hispania Tarraconensis, and the most fa- mous city in all Celtiberia, according to Strabo (iii. p. 162) and Mela (ii. 6). Pliny however (iii. 3. s. 4), places it in the territory of the Pelendones, which also agrees with the Itin. Ant. (p. 442). It is represented as situated on an eminence of mode- rate height, but great .steepness, and approachable only on one side, which was defended by ditches and intrenchments. (Flor. ii. 18 ; Oros. v. 7 ; Appian, B. Hisp. 76, 91.) The Darius flowed near it, and also another small river, whose name is not mentioned. (Appian, B. Hisp. 76 ; Dion Cass. Fr. 82, ed. Fabr. i. p. 35.) It was on the road from As- turica to Caesaraugusta (/<tn. Ant. I. c), and had a circumference of 24 stadia (Appian, B. Hi^p. 90 ; Oros. I. c.) ; but was not .surrounded with Vi'alls. (Florus, I. c.) Its memorable siege and destruction by Scipio Africanus, b. c. 134, are related by Appian (48—98), Eutropius (iv. 17), Cicero {de Off. i. 1 1), Strabo (/. c), &c. The ruins at Puente de Don Guarray probably mark the site of this once fa- mous city. {AXdreie, Ant. Hisp. . &; ¥o-&z, Esp. S. vii. p. 276; D'Anville, Mtni. de V Acad, des Inscr. vui. xl. p. 770, cited by Ukert, vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 455.) [T. H. D.] NUME'NIUM (Noujurjfioj', Stadiasm. 298), a small island with a spring of fresh water, 55 stadia from Paphos; perhaps the same as that described by Pliny (" contra Neampaphum Hieroccpia," v. .35). Strabo (xiv. pp. 683, 684) has an inland town Hie- roccpia. [E. B. J.] NUMrCIUS (NofilKtos: Rio Torfo), a small river of Latiran, flowing into the sea between Lavinium NUMIDIA. 453 and Ardea. It is mentioned almost exclusively in reference to the legendary history of Aeneas, who according to the poetical tradition, adopted also by the Roman historians, was buried on its banks, where he was worshipped under the name of Jupiter Indices and had a sacred grove and Heroum. (Liv. 1^2- Dionys. i. 64; Vict. Oi-ig. Gent. Ruin. 14: Ovid. 3Ief. xiv. 598—608; Tibull. ii. 5.39—44.) Immediately adjoining the grove of Jupiter Indiges was one of Anna Perenna, originally a Roman divinity, and probably the tutelary nymph of the river, but who was brought also into connection with Aeneas by the legends of later times, which repre.-cnted her as the sister of Dido, queen of Carthage. Tiie fables connected with her are related at full by Ovid (Fast. iii. 545—564), and by Silius Italicus (viii. 28 — 201). Both of these poets speak of the Nimiicius as a small stream, with stagnant waters and reeily banks: but tiiey aflbrd no clue to its situation, be- yond the general intimation that it was in the Laurentine territor}-, an appellation which is some- times used, by the poets especially, with very vagne latitude. But Pliny, in enumerating the places along the coast of Latium, mentions the river Numicius between Laurentum and Ardea; and from the i ar- rative of Dionysius it would seem that he certainly conceived the battle in which Aeneas was slain to have been fought between Lavinium and Ardea, but nearer the former city. Hence the Rio Torto, a small river with a sluggish and winding stream, which forms a considerable marsh near its outlet, may fairly be regarded as the ancient Numicius. It would seem from Pliny that the Lucus Jovis Imii- getis was situated on its right bank. (Plin. iii. 5. s. 9; Dionys. i. 64; Nibby, Dintorni, vol. ii. p. 418.) [E. H. B.] NUMI'DIA, the central tract of country on the N. coast of Africa, which forms the largest portion of the country now occupied by the French, and called Algeria or Algerie. I. Name, Limits, and Inhabitants. The continuous system of highlands, which exiends along the coast of the Mediterrane;in, was in the earhest period occupied by a race of people con>isting of many tribes, of whom, the Berbers of the Algerine territories, or the Kabyles or QuubaUy, as they are called by the inhabitants of the cities, are the repre- sentatives. These peoples, speaking a language which wa.s once spoken from the Fortunate Islands in the W. to the Cataracts of the Nile, and which still ex- plains many names in ancient African topography, and embracing tribes of quite different characters, whites as well as blacks (though not negroes), were called by the Romans Numid.e, not a proper name, but a common denomination from the Greek form r/o/zaSes. (Strab. ii. p. 131, xvii. pp. 833. 837.) Afterwards Nujiida and Numidia (Nou/ti5ia and 7) 'HonaSia or No/molSikv, Ptol. iv. 3; Pomp. Uc]a, i. 6; Plin. v. 2, vi. 39) became the name of the nation and the countiy. Sometimes they were called Mau- Rusii NuMiDAE (Maupoiiaioi No/idSfs, Appian, B.C. ii. 44), while the later writers always speak of them under the general name of Mauri (Amm. JIarc. xxix. 5; Procop. B. V. ii. 4.) The most powerful among these tribes were the Massyi.i {MaaavMoi, Polyb. iii. 44; Strab. ii. p. 131, xvii. p. 829; Dionys. 187; MaffffvKf'is, Polyb. vii. 19; Massyli, Sil. Ital. xvi. 170; Massyla gens, Liv. xxiv. 48), whose terri- tories extended from the river Ampsaga to Tretum Prom. (Seta Rus) ; and the JLssaesyli (Mao-- G Q 3
