usual. He calls it Palaestina of Syria, otherwise
called Judaea, and describes it as bounded by Syria
on the north, by Arabia Petraea on the east and
south. Independently of the coast of the Mediter-
ranean, he reckons the districts of Galilee, Samaria,
Judaea, and Idumaea, but describes the Peraea, by a
periphrasis, as the eastern side of Jordan, which may
imply that the name was no longer in vogue. He
names also the principal cities of these several
divisions (v. 16).
The most valuable contributions to the ancient
geography of Palestine are those of Eusebius and
his commentator S. Jerome, in the Onomasticon,
composed by the former, and translated, with im-
portant additions and corrections, by the latter, who
has also interspersed in his commentaries and letters
numerous geographical notices of extreme value.
They are not, however, of such a character as to be
available under this general article, but are fully
cited under the names of the towns, &e. (See
Reland. Palaest. lib. ii. cap. 12, pp. 479, &c.)
It remains only to add a few words concerning
the partition of Palestine into First, Second, and
Third, which is first found at the commencement of
the fifth century of the Christian era, in the Code of
Theodosius (a. d. 409); and this division is observed
to this day in the ecclesiastical documents of the
Eastern Church, by which it was adopted from the
first; as it is recognised in the Notitiae, political and
ecclesiastical, of the fifth and following centuries.
(Quoted fully by Reland, I. c. capp. 34, 35, pp. 204 —
234.) In this division Palaestina Prima compre-
hended the old divisions of Judaea and Samaria;
Palaestina Secunda, the two Galilees and the western
part of Peraea; Palaestina Tertia, otherwise called
Salutaris, Idumaea and Arabia Petraea; while the
greater part of the ancient Peraea was comprehended
under the name of Arabia.
As the sources of geographical information for
Palestine are far too numerous for citation, it may
suffice to refer to the copious list of authors appended
to Dr. Robinson's invaluable work (^Bibl. Res. vol. iii.
first appendix A., pp. 1 — 28), and to the still more
copious catalogue of Carl Ritter (Erdkunde, Palas-
tma,2lr B. Ite Abt. 1850, pp. 23—91), who in his
four large volumes on the peninsula of Mount Sinai,
Palestine, and Syria, has with his usual ability
systematised and digested the voluminous records
of centuries, and completely exhausted a subject
which could scarcely be touched within the limits
assigned to a general article in such a work as the
present. [G. W.]
PALAETYRUS. [Tyrus.]
PALAMNUS (ndKa/xvos, Scyl. p. 10), a river of
Illyricuni, which ilowed into the sea near Epidam-
nus. Tills river has been identified with the Pa-
NVASus (noi/i/d((r)(Tou €/cS., Ptol. iii. 13. § 3); but
this latter corresponds better with the Gendsus
(Tjerma or Skumhi): the Palamnus is probably the
same as the Dartsch or Spirnatza, to the S. of Du-
razzo. [E. B. J.]
PALANDAS (6 XlaAdvSas), a small stream
mentioned by Ptolemy in the Chersonesus Aurea
(vii. 2. § 5). It is supposed by Forbiger that it is
the same as that which tlows into the gulf of ^far-
taban near Tavoy. Ptolemy notices also a town in
the same neighbourhood which he calls Palanda (vii.
2. § 25). ^ [v.]
PALAS, a district in the south of Germany, on the borders between the Alemanni and Burgundii ; it was also called Capellutium ; but as it is men- tioned only by Ammianus Marcellinus (xviii. 2), it is impossible with any degree of certainty to iden- tify it- LL. S.]
PALATIUM. a place in the Rhaetian Alps, on the road from Tridentnm to Verona, still bears its ancient name in the form of Palazzo. (It. Ant p. 27,5.) [L. S.]
PALE (nd-n : Eth. naA.f?r, UaKrjs, Thuc; Pa- lenses : the city itself is usually called IlaAfrs : also Tj XlaXaiiwv ■K6hLS, Polyb. v. 3), a town in Cephallenia on the eastern side of a bay in the north-western part of the island. It is first men- tioned in the Persian wars, when two hundred of its citizens fought at the battle of Plataea, alongside of the Leucadians and Anactorians. (Herod, ix. 28.) It also sent four ships to the assistance of the Corinthians against the Corcyraeans just before the commencement of the Peloponnesian War (Thuc. i. 27) ; from which circumstance, together with its fighting along with the Corinthian Leucadians and Anactorians at the battle of Plataea, it has been conjectured that Pale was a Corinthian colony. But whether this was the case or not, it joined the Athenian alliance, together with the other towns of the island, in B.C. 431. (Thuc. ii. 30.) At a later period Pale espoused the side of the Aetolians against the Achaeans, and was accordingly besieged by Philip, who would have taken the city but for the treachery of one of his own officers. (Pol. v. 3, 4.) Polybius describes Pale as surrounded by the sea, and by precipitous heights on every side, except the one looking towards Zacynthus. He further states that it possessed a fertile territoiy, in which a con- siderable quantity of corn was grown. Pale sur- rendered to the Romans without resistance in B. c. 189 (Liv. xxxviii. 28); and after the capture of Same by the Romans in that year, it became the chief town in the island. It was in existence in the time of Hadrian, in whose reign it is called in an inscription eAenfle'pa Koi avTovo/xos. (Bbckh, Tnscr. No. 340.) According to Pherecydes, Pale was the Homeric Dulichium : this opinion was rejected by Strabo (x. p. 456), but accepted by Pausanias (vi. The remains of Pale are seen on a small height, about a mile and a half to the north of the modern Lixiiri. Scarcely anything is left of the ancient city ; but the name is still retained in that of Pidio and of Paliki, the former being the name of the plain around the ruins of the city, and the latter that of the whole peninsula. (Leake, Nortliem Greece, vol. iii. p. 64.) COIN OF PALE. PALFURIA'NA, a town of Hispania Tarraco- nensis, by Ukert (vol. ii. pt. i. p. 420) and others placed in the territory of the Ilercaones; by For- biger (vol. iii. p. 73) in that of the Cosetani. It was on the road from Barcino to Tarraco, and is usually identified with Vendrell. (Marca, Ilhp. ii. 0. 11. p. 141 ; Florez, Esp. S. xxiv. 43.) [T. ll.D.] PALICO'RUM LACUS {h tQv UaXiKusv Kiixvn}-. Logo di Naft'ui), a small volcanic lake in the inte- terior of Sicily, near Palagonia, about 1 5 miles W. M M 3
