PALIO. nuras was subject to sudden and violent storms, and became, in consequence, on two occasions the scene of great disasters to the Eoman fleets. The first was in B. c. 253, when a fleet under the consuls Servilius C'aepio and Sempronius Blaesus, on its return from Africa, was shipwrecked on the coast about Cape Palinurus, and 150 vessels lost with all the booty on board. (Oros. iv. 9.) The second was in B. c. 36, when a considerable part of the fleet of Aufjustus, on its vray to Sicily, having been com- pelled by a tempeat to seek refuge in the bay or roadstead of Velia, was lost on the rocky coast be- tween that city and the adjoining headland of Pali- nurus. (Dion Cass. slis. 1; Appian, B. C. v. 98; Veil. Pat. ii. 79.) [E. H. B ] PA'LIO {Palo), a town of Apulia, mentioned only by Pliny, who enumerates the Paliorienses among the "populi" of the interior of that region. (Plin. iii. 11. s. 16.) Its site is probably indicated by the modern village of Palo, about 5 miles south of Bitonio (Dutuntum). [E. H. B.] PALISCIUS. [Megalopolis, p. 310, a.] PALIURUS (UaKiovpos, Strab. xvii. p. 838; Stadlasm. § 42 ; Ptol. iv. 5. § 2 ; Paliuris, Pent. Tab. ; Geog. Rav. iii. 3; Paniuris, Jtin. Antun.'), a village of the Marmaridae, near which was a temple to Heracles (Strab. I. c), a deity much worshipped in Cyrenaica. (comp. Thrigl, Res Cyren. p. 291.) Ptolemy (iv. 4. § 8) adds that there was a marsh here with bi- valve shells (eV fi KoyxvKioi'). It is identified with the Wady Temmtmeh (Pacho, Voyage p. 52 ; Barth, Wunderungen, pp. 506, 548), where there is a brackish marsh, corresponding to that of Ptolemy (/. c), and remains of ancient wells and buildings at Merdhet (Sldi) Hadjar-el-Djemm. It was off this coast that Cato (Lucan, ix. 42, where the reading is Palinurus, with an allusion to the tale of Aeneas) met the flying vessels which bore Cornelia, together with Sextus, from the scene of her husband, Pompeius's, murder. [E. B. J.] PALLACOPAS. [Babylonl, p. 362 b.] PALLAE. [Corsica, p. 691, b.] PALLA'NTIA (^aAA.a^T^o, Strab. iii. p. 162; Ptol. ii. 6. § 50), the most important town of the Vaccaei, in the N. of Hispania Tarraconensis, and in the jurisdiction of Clunia. (Plin. iii. 3. s. 4.) Strabo {I. c.) wrongly assigns it to the Arevaci. Now Palencia on the Carrion. (See D'Anville, Geog. Anc. i. p. 23; Florez, Esp. S. viii. 4; Appian, B. Ii. c. 55, 80; Iklela, ii. 6.) For its coins, see Mionnet (i. p. 48). [T. H. D.] PALLA'NTIAS (naAai'Tias, Ptol. ii. 6. § 15), a small river of Hispania Tarraconensis, between the Ibenis and Fretum Herculeum, and near Sagimtum; now the Palancia near Mwrviedro. [T. H. D.J PALLA'NTIUM (JlaWavTiov, more rarely Ila- Kdvriov : Eth. naAAamei'j), one of the most an- cient towns of Arcadia, in the district Maenalia, said to have been founded by Pallas, a son of Lycaon, was situated W. of Tegea, in a small plain called the Pallantic plain (J.aWavTiK6v ireSiov, Pans. viii. 44. § 5), which was separated from the territory of Tegea by a choma (xc^Mo) or dyke [Tegea]. It was from this town that Evander was said to have led colonists to the banks of the Tiber, and from it the Palatium or Palatine Llount at Kome was reputed to have derived its name. (Hes. ap. Steph. B. s. V. ; Paus. viii. 43. § 2 ; Liv. i. 5 ; Plin. iv. G; Justin, xliii. 1.) Pallantium took part in the foundation of Megalopolis, B.C. 371 (Paus. viii. 27. § 3) ; but it continued to exist as an inde- PALLEXE. 535 pendent state, since we find the Pallantieis mentioned along with the Tegeatae, Megalopolitae and Aseatae, as joining Epaminondas before the battle of Jlan- tineia, b. c. 362. (Xen. Bell. vii. 5. § 5.) Pal- lantium subsequently sank into a mere village, but was restored and enlarged by the emperor Antoninus Pius, who conferred upon it freedom from taxation and other privileges, on account of its reputed con- nection w^ith Eome. The town was visited by Pau- sanias, who found here a shrine containing statues of Pallas and Evander, a temple of Core (Proserpine), a statue of Polybius; and on the hill above the town' which was anciently u.sed as an acropolis, a temple of the pure (K-a0opoi) gods. (Paus. viii. 43. § 1, 44. §§5, 6.) Leake was unable to find the site of Pallantium, and supposed that it occupied a part of TripoUtza itself; though at a later time he appears to have adopted the erroneous opinion of Gell, who placed it at the village of Thana, to the S. of TripoUtza. (Leake, Morea, vol. i. pp. 117, 118, vol. iii. p. 36 ; Cell, Itinerary of the Morea, p. 136.) The remains of the town were first discovered by the French ex- pedition at a quarter of an hour's distance from the Khan of Makri on the road from TripoUtza to Leondari. The ruins have been used so long as a quarry by the inhabitants of TripoUtza and of the neighbouring villages, that there are very few traces of the ancient town. Ross discovered the foundations of the temple of the pure gods on the highest point of the acropolis. (Boblaye, Recherches, (fc, p. 146 ; Ross, Reisen im Peloponnes, p. 58, seq. ; Curtius Peloponnesos, vol. i. p. 263, seq.) PALLA'XUM, a town of the Frentani, the name of which is known only from the Tabula, which places it on the road from Ansanum {Lanciano) to Histonium ; but the distances are corrupt and confused. According to Romanelli, extensive ruins still remain of an ancient city on a site still called Monte Pallano, about 3 miles SW. of Atessa. It is difficult, however, to reconcile this position with the course of the route given in the Tabula. (Tah. Pent. ; Romanelli, vol. iii. p. 43 ; Zannoni, Carta del Regno di Najwli, fol. 4.) [E. H. B.j PALLAS LACUS. [Tritonis Lacus.] PALLE'NE {UaWrtv-n, Herod, vii. 123; Thuc. iv. 120; Scyl. p. 56; Strab. vii. p. 330, x. p. 447, xii. p. 550; Ptol iii. 3. § 13; Procop. Aed. iv. 5; Steph. B. s. v.; Pomp. Mela, ii. 2. § 9; Plin. iv. 17: Eth. TlaK}vio{), the westernmost of the tliree headlands of Chalcidice, which run out into the Aegean. It is said to have anciently borne the name of Phlegra {^Keyjja, Herod. I. c), and to have witnessed the conflict between the gods and tha earthbom Gigantes. (Pind. Nem. i. 100, Isthm. vi. 48; Apollod. i. 6. § 1; Lycophr. 1408; Strab. vii. p. 330; Steph. B. s. v.) Heyne {Annot. in Apol- lod. I. c, comp. Dissert, de Theog. Hes. in Com. Gott. vol. ii. p. 151), who has identified these burn- ing plains with Pallene, observes, without mentioning any authority, that the veiy aspect of the spot, even at the pi-esent day, proves the agency of earth- quakes and subterranean fires; this statement is net confinned by modern travellers: on the contrary, Dr. Holland states that the peninsula is, in part at least, of primitive formation, and this is confrmed by Virlet {Expedition Scientijlque de Moree, p. 37, 1839) in his general view of the geological structure of continental Greece. (Daulieny, Vol- canoes, p. 334.) Tlie modern name of the penin- sula is Kassdndhra, which, besides affording excel- lent winter pasture for cattle and sheep, also pro- M M 4
