64 JOVIACUM. JOVI'ACUM, a town in Noricuin, wlicre a " prae- fectus secundae Italicae niilitum Liburnariorum " had his head-quarters ; a circumstance suggesting that the town, though situated some distance from the Danube, was yet connected with its navigation. (^Itin. Ant. p. 249 ; Not. Imp.; Tab. Peut.) [L. S.] JO VIS MONS (^Mongri, near A mpu7-ias), a spur of the Pyrenees in Spain, running out into the Jlediterranean near the frontier of Gaul. The step- lil<e terraces which its face presented were called Scalae Herculis. (Mela, ii. 6. § 5.) [P. S.] JOVIS MONS (rb Aihs opos, Ptol. iv. 3. § 18 ; Zowan), a mountain of Africa Propria, between the rivers Bagradas and Triton, apparently containing the sources of the river Catada. [P. S.] JOVIS PAGUS, a town in the interior of Moesia, on the eastern bank of the Margus. (Itin. Eieros. p. .565 ; Tab. Peut. ; Geog. Rav. iv. 7, where it is called simply Pagus.) Some identify it with the modern Glagovacz. [L. S.] JOVIS PROMONTOPJUM (Aios &Kpa, Ptol. vii. 4. § 4), a promontory mentioned by Ptolemy, at the S. end of the island of Taprobane ( Ceyloii). Its exact position cannot be identified, but it must have heen in the neighbourhood of the present roint du Galle, if it be not the same. [V.] IPAGRO or IPAGRUM (Agullar,on the Cabra), a city of Hispania Baetica, 28 M. P. south of Corduba, on the road to Gades. (^liin. Ant. p. 412 ; Inscr. ap. Muratori, p. 1052, No. 3 ; Horez, £sp. S. vol. xii. p. 2 ; Coins, ap. Florez, 3fed. vol. ii. p. 647 ; Mion- nct, vol. i. p. 17, Suppl. vol. i. p. 29; Sestini, pp. 28, 29 ; Eckhel, vol. i. p. 23.) [P. S.] IPASTURGI. [IsTUUGi.] IPHISTIADAE. [Attica, p. 326, b.] IPNI ('iTrroi), on the coast of Magnesia, in Thes- •saly, at the foot of Mount Pelion, where part of the fleet of Xerxes was wrecked, seems to have been the name of some rocks. (Herod, vii. 188 ; Strab. ix. p. 443) IPNUS ("iTrfos : I^th. 'iTrvevs), a town of the Locri Ozolae, of uncertain site. (Time. iii. 101; Sleph. B. s. t'.) IPSUS ("Iij/ous or "liliO'i'), a small town of Phry- gia, a few miles below Synnada. The place itself never was of any particular note, but it is celebrated in history for the great battle fought in its plains, B. c. 301, by the aged Antigonus and his son De- metrius against the combined f jrces of Cassander, Lysimachus, Ptolemy, and Seleucus, in which An- tigonus lost his conquests and his life. (Plut. Pyrrh. 4; Appian, Syriac. 55.) From Hierocles (p. 677) and the Acts of Councils ( Co«Ci7. Nicaen, ii. p. 161), we learn that in the seventh and eighth centuries it was the see of a Christian bishop. Some moderns identify Ipsus with Ipsili Hissar. [L. S.] IRA ('Ipa). 1. A town of jMessenia, mentioned by Homer (//. ix. 150,292), usually identified with the later Abia on the Messenian gulf. [Abia.] 2. Or EiRA (Elpa), a mountain in Messenia, which the Messenians fortified in the Second Messe- nian War, and which Aristomenes defended for ten years against the Spartans. It was in the north of Messenia, near the river Neda. Leake places it at no great distance from the sea, under the side of the mountain on which now stands Sidherokastro and Mdrinaro ; but there are no ancient reniains in this spot. More to the east, on the left bank of the Neda, near Kukaletri, are the remains of an ancient fortress, which was, in all probability, Eira ; and the lofty mountain abo^ve, now called Tetrdzi, was probably IRIS. the highest summit of Mount Eira. (Pans. Iv. 17. § 10, iv. 20. §§ 1. 5 ; Strab. viii. p. 360 ; Stepli. B. s. V. 'Ipd ; Leake, Morea, vol. i. p. 486 ; Gell, Itiner. of the Iforea, p. 84 ; Eoss, Jieisen im Pelo- poime.i, p. 95, seq.) IRENOl'OLIS (J.lp-nvinois), a town of the dis- trict Lacunitis, in the north-east of Cilicia. It was situated not far from the river Calycadnus, and is said to have once borne the name of Neronias (Nspoi- vias). (Theodoret. Hist. Eccles. i. 7, ii. 8 ; Socrat. ii. 26; Ptol. v. 8. § 6.) [L. S.] IRENO'POLIS. [Beroea.] IRE'SIAE. [AsTERiuM.] IRIA FLAVIA. [Gallaecia.] IRIA (Ef'pi'a, Ptol. : Elh. Iriensis : Voffhera), a considerable town of the interior of Liguria, men- tioned both by Pliny and Ptolemy, as well as in the Itineraries, which place it 10 miles from Dertona, on the road to Placentia. (Plin. iii. 5. s. 7 ; Ptol. iii. 1. § 35; Iti7i. Ant. p. 288; Tab. Pent.) This dis- tance agrees with the site of the modern town of Voghera, which appears to have been called in the middle ages Vicus Iriae, a name gradually corrupted into its modern appellation. It is situated on the little river Staffora, which would seem to have borne in ancient times the same name with the city : it is called Hiria or Iria by P. Diaconus, who tells us that the emperor Majorianus was put to death on its banks. {Iltst. Miscell. svi. p. 554.) Ptolemy in- cludes Iria, as well as Dertona, in the territory of the Taurini; but this would seem to be certainly a mistake: that people could never have extended so far to the ea.stward. An inscription (of which the reading is, however, a matter of controversy) has " Coloniae Foro Juli Iriensium," from which it would seem that Iria, as well as the neighbouring Dertona, became a colony after the death of Caesar, and ob- tained the name of Forum Julii; but this is very doubtful. No other trace is found either of the name or the colony. (Maffei, i!/ws. Ver. p. 371.4; Murat. I?L^cr. p. 1108. 4; Orell. Inscr. 73.) [E. H. B.] IRINE, an island in the Argolic gulf, supposed by Leake to be Ypsili. (Plin. iv. 12. s. 19 ; Leake, Pehponnesiaca, p. 294.) IRINUS SINUS. [Canthi Sixes.] IRIPPO, a town of Hispania Baetica (Plin. iii. 1. s. 3), which Ukert supposes to have been situated in the Sierra de Ronda, near Zara or Pinal. (Flo- rez, Esp. S. vol. xii. p. 303 ; Coins, up. Florez, Med. vol. ii. p. 474, vol. iii. p. 85 ; Mionnet, vol. i. p. 56, Suppl. vol. i. p. 113; Sestini, Med. Isp. p. 61 ; Ukert, vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 358.) [P. S.] IRIS {p Ipis: Kasalmak'), a considerable river of Pontus, which has its sources in the heights of Anti- taurus in the south of Pontus. It flows at first in a north-western direction, until reaching Comana it takes a western turn: it thus passes by the towns of Mesyla and Gaziura. A little above Ami- sus it receives the Seylas, and turns eastward; near Eupatoria the Lycus empties itself into it. After this it flows due north, and, traversing the plain of Themiscyra, it empties itself into the Eusine by four mouths, the westernmost of which is the most impor- tant. (Strab. xii. p. 556.) The Iris is smaller than the Halys (Apollon. Rhod. ii. 368), but still a consi- derable river, flowing through a vast extent of country, and, according to Xenophon {Anab. v. 6. § 3), was three plethra in breadth. (Comp. Strab. i. p. 52, xii. 547; Scylax, p. 32; Ptol. v. 6. § 2; Xenoph. v. 6. § 9, vi. 2. § 1 ; Apollon. Rhod. ii. 965; Dionj's. Per. 783 ; Plin. vi. 3, 4.) The part near its mouth is
