ROMA. was accustomed to divert himself with his court. (Treb. Pollio, Gall. Duo, c. 17.) The temple of Mi- nerva Medica mentioned in the Notitia may pro- bably have stood in the neighbourhood ; but the building in question seems too large to be identified with it. Among the profane monuments of this district we have had occasion to mention once or twice an object called the Trophies of Marius. Valerius Maxi- mus relates that JIarius erected two tropaea (vi. 9. § 14); and that these must have been on the Esqui- liiie appears from a passage of the same author (ii. 5. § 6 j, quoted a little while ago respecting the site of the altar of Febris. A building which stands at the junction of the Via di S. Bibiana and Via di P. Maggiore a little way outside the ancient Porta Esquilina bore during the middle ages the name of Templum Marii, or Cimbrum. and was adorned with those sculptured trophies which were removed in the pontificate of Sixtus V. to the balustrade of the Piazza del Campidoglio, where they still remain. {Ordo Rom. an. 1143, ap. Mabill. Mus. Ital. li. p. 141; Poggio, de Var. Fort. p. 8, ed. Par. 1723.) There can be no doubt, however, that the building so called was no temple, but the castellum of an aqueduct, and is in all probabihty the object men- tioned in the Notitia as the Nyjipheusi Divi Alexandri. It must have been one of the prin- cipal castelia of the Aqua Julia, and from the tro- phies which stood in the neighbourhood having been applied to its adornment it was mistaken in a later age for a temple ei-ected by JIarius. (Canina, Indicaz. p. 156, seq. ; FreWev, Pegio7ien, p. 131.) Between this Nymphaeum and the Porta Esquilina st.inds the Arcus Gallieni, which must have spanned the ancient Via Praenestina. It is a simple arch of travertine, and we learn from the inscription upon it, which is still legible, that it was erected by a certain M. Aurelius Victor in honour of the em- peror Gallienus and his consort Salonina. Originally there were smaller arches on each side of it (Spec. Rom. Magn. tab. 24), but at present only the middle one remains. Close to this arch and between it and the basilica of 5. Maria Maggiore, lay the Forum Esquili- NUM and Macei.lum Livi^jjum. Tiiis position of the macellum is certain. The basilica just named W.1S built "juxta Macellum Liviae." (Anastas. V. Liberii and V. Sist. HI.') That it was close to the arch of Gallienus appears from the Ordo Ro- manns. (" Intrans sub arcum (Gallicni) ubi di- citur Macellum Lunanum (Livianuni) progreditur ante templum Marii quod dicitnr Cimbrum," Ann. 1143, p. 141.) And the church of S. Vita close to the arch was designated as " in Macello." (An. Fulvius, Ant. R. ii. c. 6.) But it is a more diffi- cult question to determine whether the Forum Es- quilinum and ^lacellum Livianum were distinct ob- jects or one and the same. We know that the Fo- rum Esquilinum was in existence in b. c. 88, since it is mentioned by Appian {B. C. i. 58) as the scene of the struggle between Marius and Sulla. Hence Nibby (Roma nelV Anno 1838, tom. ii. p. 25), assuming that the macellum and forum were identical, regarded it as founded by M. Livius Sa- linator, who was censor with Cl.iudius Nero, b. c. 204. But this view is unsupported by any autho- rity, nor is it probable that the forum had two appellations; wlience it seems most likely that the macellum was (juite a distinct but adjoining market EOMA. 827 founded by Augustus, and named after his consort Livia. (Preller, iSe^ione?^, p. 131.) There was also a Porticus Liviae somewhere on the Esquiline, named in the Notitia in the 3rd Region after the baths of Titus. It was a qua- drangular porticus (TTepi(TT(j)ov'), built by Augustus, B. c. 14, on the site of the house of Vedius Pollio, which he had inherited. (Dion Cass. liv. 23.) As the same author (Iv. 8) calls it a reixevtafia, we may conclude that it contained the Te.aiple of Concord mentioned by Ovid. (Fast. vi. 633.) It is alluded to by Strabo (v. p. 236), and by both the Plinys. (siv. 3; Fp. i. 5; cf. Becker, Handh. p. 542, Antw. p. 78.) We also read of a Porticts Julia, built in honour of Caius and Lucius Cae.sar (Dion Cass. Ivi. 27, as emended by Merkel ad Ov. Fast. p. cxli.), but its situation cannot be deter- mined. Near the church of S. Croce in Gerusalemme, towards the side of the Porta Maggiore, lie the ruins of a large building already alluded to, which in the middle ages bore the name of Sessorium. We have remarked that in the Excerpta Valesiuna at the end of Ammianus Marcellinus it is called a palace (" in palatio, quod appellatur Sessorium," de Odoac. 69). It is identified by a passage in Anastasius stating that the church of 5. Croce was erected there. ( Vit. Silvest. p. 45, Blanch.) Also near the same church, but on the other side of it, and built into the wall of Aurelian, are the re- mains of a considerable amphitheatre which are usually identified as the Amphitheatrum Cas- TRENSE of the Notitia. Becker, however (Ilandb. p. 552, seq.), denies this identity, his chief objec- tion being the great space which the 5th Regio must have occupied if this building is included in it, and holds that the true Amphitheatrum Cas- trense must have been near the Castra Praetoria. There are, however, no traces of the remains of an amphitheatre in that direction, and Becker acknow- ledges (Ilandb. p. 558) that he is unable to give any name to that by S. Croce. But there could not have been many structures of this description in Rome, and on the whole it seems most reasonable to conclude with Preller (Regionen, p. 132) that the one in question was the Castrense; especially as we know from Procopius (B. G. i. 22, seq.) that there was a vivarium, or place for keeping wild beasts used in the sports of the amphitheatre, close to the Porta Praenestina. In the valley under this amphitheatre were the Gardens and Circus of Elagabalus (Lampr. Heliog. 14, 23), where the obelisk was found which now stands on the promenade on the Pincian (I,i- gorio, Sui Cerchi, p. 3; Canina, Indie, p. 178). Just outside the Porta Maggiore is the curious JIoNUMENT OF EuRYSACES the baker, which has been spoken of above, p. 760. The remaining monuments in the district under consideration are few and unimportant. The Apollo Sandaliarivs mentioned in the Notitia in the 4th Region was one of those statues which Augustus erected in the different Vici. (Suet. Aug. 57.) We have said that the temple of Fortuna Seia stood in the Vicus Sandaliarius; and as this temple was included in the domain of the golden house of Nero (Plin. xxxvi. 46) we may conclude that it was in or near the Carinae. (Becker, Ilandb. p. 561.) The Colosseum will be described in a seiiaratc section. The 3id Region, in which it was situated, must doubtless have contained a splendid Temple oK
