858 RUCCONIUM. pears a very faithful, account of tlie coast was given in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (a work erroneously attributed to Arrian, and probably not anterior to Septimius Severus and his son Caracalla) (comp. Cooley, Claudius Ptolemy and the Kile, p. 56). Daring the long wars with Persia, the Aegyptian and Syrian population, cut off from their ordinary communication with Persia and India, were supplied by the channel which the shores of the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea afforded; and in the ri'ign of Justinian this commerce was very important. After the disturbances caused by the wars of Heraclius and Chosroes, the Arabs or Saracens placed upon the confines of Syria, Aegypt, and Persia, had the greatest portion of the rich trade with Aethiopia, S. Africa, and India thrown into their hands. From the middle of the ninth cen- tury the Arab population of the Hedjaz maintained commercial relations with the northern countries of Europe and with Madagascar, with E. Africa, India, and China, diffusing their language, their coins, and the Indian system of numbers. But from the time that the Kaliph Al-ilansur closed the canal connecting the Bed Sea with the Nile, the im- portant line of communication between the commerce of Aegypt and India and the E. coast of S. Africa has never been restored. For all that concerns the data furnished by the ancient writers to the geogra- phy of the Erythraean sea the Atlas appended by Jliiller to his Geographi Graeci Minores (Paris, 1855) should be consulted. He has brought to- gether the positions of Agatharchides, Artemidorus, Pliny, Ptolemy, and the Pseudo-Arriau, and com- pared them with the recent surveys made by Moresbv, Carless, and others. [E. B. J.] EUCCO'XIUM. [Dacia, p. 744, b.] EUESSIUJI. [Ret;ssio.] BX!Fim A'H A {'Povcpiviava). Ptolemy(ii.9.§ 17) names Noeomagus [Noviomagus, No. 2.] and Eufiniana as the two towns of the Nemetes, a people on the Pihine in Gallia Belgica. If we place Rutiniana with D'Anville and others at Ruffach in Upper Alsace and in the present department of Haul Rhin, we must admit that Ptolemy has made a great mistake, for Ruffach is within the territory of the Eauraci. But D'Anville observes that it is not more entraordinary to find Eufiniana misplaced in Ptolemy than to find him place Argentoratum in the territory of the Vangiones. [G. L.] RUFRAE, a town of the Samnites on the borders of Campania, mentioned by Virgil (^Aen. vii. 739) in a manner that would lead us to suppose it situated in Campania, or at least in the neighbourhood of that country; while Siliiis Italicus distinctly includes it among the cities of the Samnites (viii. 568), and Livy also mentions Rufrium (in all probability the same place) among the towns taken from the Samnites at the commencement of the Second Samnite War, b. c. 326. (Liv. viii. 25.) None of these passages afford any clue to its position, which cannot be determined ; though it must certainly be sought for in the region above indicated. The sites suggested by Romanelli (vol. ii. p. 463) and other local topographers are mere conjectures. [E. H. B.] RUFRIUM. [RuFKAE.] RUGII, EUGI ('Po!"7ot or '?6yoC), an important people in the north of Germany, occupying a con- siderable part of the coast of the Baltic. ('I'ac. Germ. 43.) Their country extended from the river Viadus in the vvest to the Vistula in the east, and was surrounded in the west by the Sideni, in the EUSCINO. south by the Helveconos, and in the cast by the Sciri, who were probably a Sarmatian tribe. Strabo does not mention them, and Ptolemy (ii. 11. S 14) speaks of a tribe 'Pouti/cAcioi, who are probably the same as the Eugii. After their first appearance in Tacitus, a long time passes away during which they are not noticed, until they suddenly reappear during the wars of Attila, when they play a con- spicuous part. (Sidon. Apoll. Paneg. ad A v it. 319; Paul. Diac. de Gest. Rom. p. 534, ed. Erasm.) After the death of Attila, they appear on the north side of the Danube in Austria and Upper Hungary, and the country there inhabited by them was now called Eugia, and formed a separate kingdom. (Procop. Bell. Goth. ii. 14, iii. 2 ;. Paul. '^Diae. Longoh. i. 19.) But while in this latter country no trace of their name is now left, their name is still preserved in their original home on the Baltic, in the island of Riigen, and in the town of Ri'igenwalde, and perhaps also in Rega and Regenicalde. (Com]). Latham on Tac. I. c, and Prolegom. p. xix., who strangely believes that the Eugii of Tacitus dwelt on the Gulf of Riga.) [L. S.] EUGIUiM (^Povyi.ov), a town in the north of Ger- m.any on the coast of the Baltic (Ptol. ii. 11. § 27), the site of which seems to correspond exactly with that of the modern Regenwalde, on the river Rega, though others seek it elsewhere. (Wilhelm, Ger- manien, p. 273.) [L. S.] EUNICATAE ('PoufiKaTai), an Alpine tribe in the north-east of Vindelicia between the Oenus and Danubius. (Ptol. ii. 13. § 1.) In the inscription of the Alpine trophy quoted by Pliny (iii. 24) they are called Rucinates. [L. S.] RURA (^Ruhr), a river of Western Germany, which flows into the Rhine from the east near the town o't Duishurg. (Geogr. Rav. iv. 24.) [L. S.] RUEADA (Ruradensis Eesp?), aplace in Hispania Baetica, the name of which appears only upon coins, the present Rus near Bae.za. (Florez, Esp. Sagr. vii. p. 98.) ' [T. H. D.] EUSADIR (Plin. v. 1; "PvaaaSeipov, Ptol. iv. 1. § 7 ; Eussader, Itin. Ant."), a colonia of Mauretania, situated near Metagonites Prom., which appears sometimes to have been called from the town Eusadir (Ptol. iv. 1. § 12). It is represented by the " bara- dero " of Melilla, or Spanish penal fortress, on the bight formed between C. Tres Foveas and tlie Mlida. [E. B. J.] RUSAZUS. [MAUKET.VNIA, p. 298, b.] EUSCINO (^VouaKLvov, 'PovaKti/wi'), a city of the Volcae Tectosages in Gallia Narbonensis. (Ptol. ii. 10. § 9.) When Hannibal entered Gallia by the Pyrenees, he came to lUiberis (Elne), and thence marched past Eu.scino (Liv. xxi. 24). Euscino stood on a river of the same name (Ptol. Strab.): " There was a lake near Euscino, and a swampy place a little above the sea full of salt and containing mullets («:eo-Tp€(j), which are dug out; for if a man digs down two or three feet, and drives a trident into the muddy water, he may spear the fish, which is of considerable size : and it feeds on the mud like the eels." (Strab. iv. p. 182.) Poly bins (xxxiv. 10, ed. Bekker) has the same about the river and tl^e fisli, which, however, he says, feed on the plant agrostis. (Athen. viii. p. 332.) The low tract which was divided by the Euscino is the Cynetieuai Littus of Avienus (Or. Mar. v. 565): — " post Pyrenaeum jugum, Jacent arenae littoris Cynetici, Basque late siilcat amnis Roschinus,"
