SANIGAE. the interior of Thrace, probably the modern Ezenga or Ziiif/ave. [J. R ] SAXIGAE (^avlyai, Arrian, Peripl. Pont. Eux. p. 12; 'Za.vvi'yai, Steph. B. s. w.; 2a7i5ai, Procop. B. G. iv. 3), a trihe of Wt. Caucasus, who were found in the neighbourhood of DioscuRiAS or the Roman Sebastopolis. [E. B. J.] SAXISERA, a city in the island Balearis jIinor (Plin. iii. 5.s. 1 1), the modern Alajor. (Cf Wernsd. Ant. Bal. p. 57; Salmas. ad Solin. c. 34, p. 401.) [T. H. D.] SANITIUM (2ai'(T;oi'), is placed in the Alpes Maritimae by Ptolemy (iii. 1. § 43), and named as one of the towns of the Vesdiantii or Vediantii. Cemenelium is the other town which he names [Cemeneliuji]. If Sanitiuni is Senez, which is west of the Var, part of this people were east of the Var and part of them were west of it. [G. L.] SANNI. [Macrones.] SANTICUM {■S.iavTiKSv, Ptol. ii. 14. § 3), a town of Noricum, on the south-west of Virunum, on the road from this place to Aquileia (/<. Ant. p. 276). The exact site of the place is utterly uncertain, but conjecture has fixed upon four or five different places that mitrht be identified with Santicum with equal probabilitv. [L. S.] SA'NT'ONES or SA'NTONI (Saj/roves, 2ai'- Tovot, SacTcuj'fs), a people of South-western Gallia, in the Celtogalatia Aquitania of Ptolemy (ii. 7. § 7), who names their capital Mediolanium. [Me- DioLAXUM.] They were in the Celtica of Caesar, being north of the Garumna (^Garonne). The Ro- man poets make the quantity of the word suit their Terse, as Lucan does when he says (i. 422), "gaudetque amoto Santonus hoste ;" and Juvenal and ihirtial when they use the word Santonicus. Caesar, who first mentions the Santones {E. G. i. 10), sa3's that when the Helvetii were preparing to leave their country with their families and move- ables, their intention was to make their way to the territory of the Santones, " who are not far distant from the borders of the Tolosates." He gives us no means for conjecturing why the Helvetii proposed to cross the whole width of Gallia and settle them- selves in a country on the coast of the Atlantic which was full of people. The position of the Santones is defined hy Ptolemy, who places them between the Pictones and the Bituriges Vivisci, one of whose towns was Burdigala (^Bordeaux). Strabo (iv. pp. 190, 208) fixes the position of the Santones still clearer when he says that the Garumna flows into the sea between the Bituriges losci (Vivisci) and the Santones, both of which are Celtic nations. In another passage he places the Pictones and Santones on the shores of the Atlantic, and the Pictones north of the Santones ; which completes the descrip- tion of their position. Caesar never made any campaign against the Santones, or, if he did, he has said nothing about it. He got ships from the Pictones and Santones for his naval war with the Veneti (^B. G. iii. 11), from which we learn that the Santones and Pictones were a maritime people. When Vercingetorix (b. c. 52) was stirring up the Gallic nations against Caesar, he secured the assistance of the Pictones and " all the rest of the states that border on the ocean," an ex- pression which includes the Santones, though they are not mentioned. But the Santones sent 12,000 men to the siege of Alesia. (iJ. G. vii. 75.) In I'liny's enumeration of the Gallic people (iv. 33) tlie Santones are named Liberi. SAPAEI. 903 The Santones gave name to that division of France before the revolution which was named SaintoTiffe, the chief part of which is included in the French department of C/iarente ht/erienre. The coast of the territory of the Santones is low and marshy; the interior is generally level and fer- tile. D'Anville supposed that the territory of the Santones comprehended the diocese of Saintes, and the small province of Aunis on the north-west. The wormwood of this country is spuken of by various writers, PHny (xxvii. 38), and Martial {Ep. ix. 95): — " Santonica medicata dedit mihi pocula virga." Martial (xiv. 128) and Juvenal (viii. 145) men- tion a "cucullus" with the name "Santonicus." It appears that some thick coarse woollen cloths were imported from Gallia into Italy. Havercamp in his edition of Oio.sius (vi. 7) gives a coin with the name " Arivos," and on the otiier side the legend "Santonos" in Roman capitals with the figure of a horse in action. He gives also another coin with the same legend ; and a third with the abbreviated name " Saut " and the name of " Q. Doci " on it. [G. L.] SA'NTONUM PORTUS (SarroVcov AiV?):/). Pto- lemy in his description of the coast of Celtogalatia Aquitania (ii. 7. § 1) proceeds from south to north. Next to the outlets of the Garonne he places Santo- num Portus, and next to it Santonum Proniontorium {^avrdvuv &.Kpov^. The outlet of the river Canen- telus is placed north of the proniontorium. The Ca- rantonus of Ausonius is certainly the Cliarente [Ca- KANToxus] ; and Ptolemy's Canentelus is a difi'erent river, or, if it is the same river, he has placed it wrong. It is impossible to determine what is the Santonum Portus of Ptolemy. If it is Rochelle, as some geo- graphers maintain, and if Ptolemy's Canentelus is the Charente, he has placed their positions in wrong order. It seems very unlikely that Ptolemy should mention a river between the Garonne and Loire, and not mention the Cliarente. The only other large river between the Garonne and the Loire is the Sevre Nior- taise, which is north of Im Rochelle, and if Ptolemy's Canentelus is the Sevre, the Santonum Portus might be La Rochelle. D'Anville supposes San- tonum Portus to be the embouchure of tlie Seudre, which opens into the sea opposite the southern ex- tremity of the Isle d'OUron ; but he does not un- dertake to fix the position of the Santonum Pronion- torium. The latitudes of Ptolemy cannot be trusted, and his geography of Gallia is full of errors. [G.E.] SA'NTONUM PROMONTOTUUM. [Santo- num POKTUS.J SAOCE. [Samothrace.] SAO'CORAS {-^.aoKopas, Ptol. v. 18. § 3), a river of Jlesopotamia, mentioned by Ptolemy, which appears to have had its source in the M. Masius near Nisibis, and to have flowed to the SV. into the Euphrates. There has been much dispute, as to what river Ptolemy intended by this name, as at present there is no stream existing which corresponds with his descrij)tion. Forbiger has conjectured with some reason that it is the .same as the Mascas of Xenophon (^Anub. i. 5. § 4), which flowed about 35 parasangs to the E. of the Chaboras {Khabiii-), and surrounded the town of Corsote: Ptolemy would seem to have confounded it with the Mygdonius. [MvGi)ONu;s.] [V.] SAPAEI (2a7ra?oi or 2a7raioi), a Thracian people, occupying the southern portion of the Pan- S M 4
