924 SATTALA. SA'TTALA. [Setae.1 SA'TUHAE PALUS. [Pomptinae Paludes.] SA'TURIUil. [Tahentum.] SATUKNI PEOMONTORIUM, a headland in Hispania Tarraconensis, not f:ir from Carthago Nova. (Pliu. iii. 3. s. 4.) It must be the same promontory called 'S.Ko/j.Spaaia &Kpa by Ptolemy (ii. 6. § 14). Now Cubo de Palos. [f . H. D.] SATU'KNIA (SoToupyia: Saturnia), an ancient city of Etruria, situated in the valley of the Albinia (^4 ffic^na), about 24 miles from its mouth. There is no doubt that it was an ancient Etruscan city; and as Pliny tells us that it was previously called Aurinia (iii. 5. s. 8), it is probable that this was its Etruscan name, and that it first received that of Saturnia at the time of the Roman colony. But no mention of it is found in history during the period of Etruscan independence; and there is certainly no ground for the supposition of Miiller that it was one of the twelve cities of the Etruscan League. (Miil- ler, Etrusher, vol. i. p. 350.) Dionysius indeed mentions it as one of the cities founded by the Pe- lasgians, and subsequently taken from them by the Tyrrhenians and Etruscans (Dionys. i. 20); but though this is strong evidence for the antiquity of the city, there is no proof that it was ever a place of importance under the Etruscans; and it even seems probable that before the close of their rule, Saturnia liad sunk into the condition of a subordinate town, and a mere dependency of Caletra. At least it is remarkable that Livy, in speaking of the establish- ment of the Roman colony there, says that it was settled " in agro Caletrano." (Liv. xxxix. 55.) The foundation of this colony, which was established in B.C. 183, is the only historical fact recorded to us concerning Saturnia; it was a " colonia civium," and therefore would naturally retain its colonial rank even at a late period. Pliny, however, calls it only an ordinary municipal town, but Ptolemy gives it the rank of a colony, and it is mentioned as buch in an inscription of Imperial times. (Plin. iii. 5. s. 8; Ptol. iii. 1. § 49; Gruter. Inscr. p. 1093. 8.) It is probable therefore that it received a fresh colony under the Roman Empire, though we have no account of the circumsbince. But it seems uot to have been a place of any importance, and the ex- isting remains which belong to this period are of little interest. The modern town of Saturnia, which retains the ancient site as well as name, is but a very poor place; but its mediaeval walls are based on those of the ancient city, and the circuit of the latter may he distinctly traced. It occupied the summit of a conical hill, surrounded by steep cliffs, about 2 miles in circuit. Considerable portions of the walls re- main in several places: these are constracted of polygonal masonry, resembling that of Cosa, but built of travertine; they are supposed by Jlicali to belong to the Roman colony, though other writers would assign them to the Pelasgians, the earliest inhabitants of Saturnia. (Micali, Ant. Pop. Ital. vol. i. pp. 152, 210; Dennis, Etruria, vol ii. pp. 308 — 310.) Numerous tombs are also found in the neighbourhood of the town, but which more re- semble the cromlechs of northern Europe than the more regular sepulchres of other Etruscan cities. (Dennis, I. c. pp. 314—316.) [E. H. B.] SATYRI MONUMENTUM (rb S.aTvpov fj.vfiixa, Strab. xi. p. 494), a monument consisting of a vast mound of earth, erected in a very conspicuous situa- tion on a promontory on the E. side of the Cim- SAVO. mevian Bosporus, 90 stadia S. of Achilleum. It wna in honour of a king of Bosporus, whom Dubois de Slontpe'reux identifies with Satyrus I., who reigned B.C. 407 — 393. {Vuyf'.ge atitmtr dit Caucase, v. p. 48.) The same authority (76. p. 36) identifies the mound with the hill Kotikuoba. [T. H. D.] SATYRO'RUM I'NSULAE (■S.arvpc^v vfjaoL, Ptol. vii. 2. § 30), a group of three Indian islands, lying E. of the Chersonesus Aurea, in the .same de- gree of latitude as its southern point. They were said to be inhabited by a race of men having tails like Satyrs; that is, probably, by apes resembling men. Perhaps the Anamba islands. [T. H. D.] SATYRO'RUM PROMONTO'RIUM {^arip^v &Kpov, Ptol. vii. 3. § 2), a promontory on the coast of Sinae (^China'), forming the southern extremity of the bay Theriades, and placed by Ptolemy directly under the equator. It is probably the present Cape St. James. (Forbiger, Geogr. ii. p. 477, note 51.) [T. H. D.] SAVA. [JIaphakitis.] SAVARI (Sauapoi, Ptol. iii. 5. § 22), a people in the N. of European Sarmatia, between the rivers Turuntus and Chesinus. Schafarik (Slav. Alterih. i. p. 212) identifies them with the 5/eM;e?', a powerful Slavonian race which dwelt on the rivers Desna, Sem, and Sula, and possessed the towns Tschernigoio and Ljubelsch, both of which are mentioned by Con- stantine Porphyrogenitus {de Adm. Imp. c. 9). The name of the Sjewer does not occur in history after the year 1024, though their land and castles are frequently mentioned subsequently in Russian annals. (Jbid. ii. p. 129.) [T. H. D.] SAVARIA. [Sabaria.] SAUCONNA. [Arar.] SAVIA CSaovia, Ptol. ii. 6. § 56), a town of the Pelendones in Hispania Tarraconensis, the site of which is undetermined. [T. H. D.] SAVINCA'TES, a name which occurs in the in- scription on the arch of Susa, and is placed next to the Adanates, whom D'Anville supposes to be the same as the Edenates [Edenates]. His reasons for placing the Savincates below Embrun and on the Durance, are not satisfactory. He finds a name Savines there, and that is all the proof except the assumption of the correctness of the position w-hich he has assigned to the Adanates, and the further assumption that the two people were neigh- bours. [G. L.] SAULOE PARTHAYNISA (2a.uci-n Uapdad- viaa), this curiously mixed name which has passed into treatises of geography from the editions of Isidorus in the Geographi Graeci Minores of Hudson and Muller, appears to have rested on a bad reading of the Greek text. The amended text of the passage in question is napOvrivy] (rxf^'"' fe, V^ avKuiv (Isidor. Stath. Pai-th. c. 12), which is probably correct (see Geoff. Graec. ed. Jliiller, Paris, 1855.) [V.] SAUNARIA {'S.avvapia), a town of unknown site in Pontus Polemoniacus, is mentioned only by Pto- lemy (v. 6. § 10). [L. S.] SAUNIUM, a little river on the N. coast of His- pania Tarraconensis, in the territory of the Concani and Saleni; now Saja. (Mela, iii. 1.) [T. H. D.] SAVO. [Vada Sabbata.] SAVO (Savone}, a small river of Campania, which appears to have formed the boundary between that country and Latium, in the most extended sense of the term. It is a small and sluggish stream ("piger Savo," Stat. Silv. iv. 3. G6), flowing into the sea between Sinuessa and the mouth of the Vul-
