928 SCANDILA. Loncjobardi, originally came from Scandinavia. It deserves to be noticed that the southern part of the supposed island of Scandia, tiie modern Sweden, still bears the name Scania, Scone, or Sclionen. Pliny (viii. 16) mentions a peculiar animal called achlis, and resembling the alcis, which was found only in Scandinavia. For furtiier discussions about the va- rious tribes of Scandinavia, which all the ancients treat as a part of Germania Magna, see Wilhelm, Germanien, p. 343, &c.; Zeuss, Die Deutschen, (fc pp. 77, l.-ie, &c. [L. S.] SCA'NUILA, a small island in the northern part of the Aegaean sea, between Peparethus and Scyros, now Skandole. (Plin. iv. 12. s. 23; Mela, ii. 7. g Q SCANDINAVIA. [Scandia.] SCAPTE HYLE (S/cairT?; iiKt), Plut. Cim. 4, de Exilio, p. 60.5; Marcellin. Vit. Thucyd. § 19), or the " foss wood," situated on the confines of Mace- donia and Thrace, in the auriferous district of Mt. Pangaeum, to which Thucydides was exiled, and where he composed his great legacy for all ages — the liistory of the war in which he had served as general. [E- B. J.] SCA'PTIA {Eth. 'ZKaiTTvi'ios, Scaptiensis: Pas- serano), an ancient city of Latium, which appears to have ceased to exist at a very early period. Its name is found in Dionysius among the thirty cities of the Latin League (Dionys. v. 61 ) ; and it therefore seems probable that it was at that time a considerable, or at all events an independent, town. No mention of it is subsequently found in history, but after the great Latin War it was included in one of the new Roman tribes created on that occasion (b. c. 332), to which it gave the name of Scaptian. (Fest. s. v. Scaplia, p. 343 ; Liv. viii. 17.) No subsequent mention is found of the town, and it is only noticed by Pliny among the " clara oppida " of Latium, •which in his time had utterly disappeared (Plin. iii 5. s. 9). Silius Italicus also alludes to the " Scaptia pubes," but in a passage from which no inference can be derived (viii. 395). The Scaptienses no- ticed by Suetonius {Avg. 40) and elsewhere were the members of the Scaptian tribe. There is no real clue to its position ; that derived from the passage of Festus, from which it has been com- monly inferred that it was in the neighbourhood of Pedum, being of no value. The vpords " quam Pe- dani incolebant," found in all the ordinary editions of that author, are in fact merely a supplement of Ursinus, foinded on an inference from Livy (viii. 14, 17), which is by no means conclusive. (See Miiller's note.) But supposing that we are justified in placing Scaptia in this neighbourhood, the site suggested by Nibby, on the hill now occupied by a farm or camle called Passerano, is at least probable enough; the position is a strong one, on the point of one of those narrow ridges with precipitous sides between two ravines, which abound in this part of the Campagna. It is about 3 miles NV. of Galli- cano, the presumed site of Pedum; and the exist- ence of an ancient town on the spot is attested by the fragments of ancient walls, the large, roughly- hewn masses of which are found worked up into more recent buildings. Its situation closely resem- bles that of Gallicano itself, as well as that of Zagarolo, about 3 miles further S. (where there are also indications of ancient habitation); and the iden- tification of any of the three can be little more than conjectural. (Nibby, Dintorni, vol. iii. pp. 70, 71.) [E. H. B.] SCATJPHE. SCAEABA'NTIA (S/capgoi/T/a, Ptol. ii. 15. § 5), a town on the western bank of Lake Pelso in Upper Pannonia, on the road leading from Carnuntum to Sabaria. (Plin. iii. 27; It Ant. pp. 233, 261, 262, 266; Tab. Pent.) According to coins and inscriptions found at the place, it was a municipium with the surname of Flavia Augusta. Hence it ap- pears that the reading in Pliny, "Scarabantia Julia," is not correct, and that we must read either Scara- bantia Flavia, or Scarabantia et Julia. Its site is now occupied by the town of Oedenhurf), in Hun- garian Soprony or Sopron. (Comp. Muchar, Nori- kum, i. p. 168; Schijnwisner, Antiquitates Saha- riae, p. 31 ; Orelli, Inscript. n. 4992.) [L. S.] SCA'RBIA, a town in Rhaetia, between Par- tenum and Veldidena, on the road leading from Augitsta Vindelicorum into Italy, occupied the site of the modern Schamitz. 0'abula Peutinge- ria^a.') [L. S.] SCARDO'NA (2(fap5wm, Ptol. ii. 17. § 3; Pro- cop. B. G. i. 7. 16, iv. 23; Phn. iii. 26; Geogr. Rav. v. 14 ; SKapSajv, Strab. vii. p. 315 : Sardona, Petit. Tah.^.a, town in the territory of the Liburnii on the Titius, 12 JL P. from where that river meets the sea. From the circumstance of its having been one of the three "conventus" of Dalmatia, it must have been a place of importance, and was used from early times as a depot for the goods which were transported by the Titius to the inland Dalmatians. (Strab. I.e.) The modern Scardona in Illyric Scardin or Scradin, retains the name of the old city, though it does not occupy the site, which was probably further to the W. (Wilkinson, Dalmatia, vol. i. p. 191.) Pto- lemy (ii. 17. § 13) has an island of the same name offthe Liburnian coast, — perhaps the rocky and cu- riouslv-shaped island o{ Pago. [p]. B. .L] SCARDUS, SCODRUS, SCORDUS MONS (t?. 'S.Kap^ov opos, Polyb. xxviii. 8; Ptol. ii. 16. § I), the desolate heights which are mentioned inci- dentally by Livy (sliii. 20, xliv. 31) as lying in the way from Stymbara to Scodra, and as giving rise to the Oriuns. They seem to have compre- hended the great summits on either side of the Drilo, where its course is from E. to W. (Leake, Northern Greece vol. iii. p. 477.) In Kiepert's map (^Europaischen Turkei) Scardus (ScJiar-Dagh) extends from the Ljuhatrin to Shaleah ; over this there is a " col " from Kalkandele to Prisdren not less than 5000 feet above the level of the sea. Ac- cording to the nomenclature of Grisebach, Scardus reaches from the Ljuhatrin at its NE. extremity to the SW. and S. as far as the Klissoura of Devol; S. of that point Pindus commences in a continuation of the same axis. [E. B. J.] SCARNIUNGA, a river of Pannonia, mentioneii only by Jornandes (r/e Reh. Get. 52), which it is impossible to identity from the vague manner in which it is spoken of. [L. S.] SCARPHE (2Kap(^7)), in Boeotia. [Eteonus.] SCARPHE or SCARPHEIA (2Kap<pri, Horn.; '2,Kdp4>eia, Strab., Pans., Steph. B. : Eth. '2,Kapcpevs, 2Kap(j>aievs), a town of the Locri Epicnemidii, men- tioned by Homer, (fl. ii. 532.) According to Strabo it was 10 stadia from the sea, 30 stadia from Thronium, and a little less from some other place of which the name is lost, probably Nicaea. (Strab. ix. p. 426.) It .appears from Pausanias tiiat it lay on the direct road from P^lateia to Thermopylae by Thronium (viii. 15. § 3), and likewise from Livy, who states that Quintius Fhi- mininus marched from Elateia by Thronium and
