A'NAPHE (Άνάφη: Eth.Άναφαίος: Anaphe, Namfi or Namfio), one of the Sporades, a small island in the south of the Grecian Archipelago, E. of Thera. It is said to have been originally called Membliarus from the son of Cadmus of this name, who came to the island in search of Europa. It was celebrated for the temple of Apollo Aegletes, the foundation of which was ascribed to the Argonauts,
because Apollo had showed them the island as a place of refuge when they were overtaken by a storm. (Orphens, Argon. 1363, seq.; Apollod. i. 9. § 26; Apoll. Rhod. iv. 1706, seq.; Conon, 49; Strab. p. 484; Steph. B. s. v.; Plin. ii. 87, iv. 12; Ov, Met. vii. 461.) There are still considerable remains of this temple on the eastern side of the island, and also of the ancient city, which was situated nearly in the centre of Anaphe on the summit of a hill. Several important inscriptions have been discovered in this place, of which an account is given by Ross, in the work cited below. The island is mountainous, of little fertility, and still worse cultivated. It contains a vast number of partridges, with which it abounded
in antiquity also. Athenaeus relates (p. 400) that a native of Astypalaea let loose a brace of these birds upon Anaphe, where they multiplied so rapidly that the inhabitants were almost obliged to abandon the island in consequence. (Tournefort, Voyage, &c., vol. i. p. 212, seq.; Ross, Ueber Anaphe und Anaphäische Inschriften, in the Transactions of the Munich Academy for 1838, p. 401, seq. ; Ross, Reisen auf den Griechischen Inseln, vol. i. p. 401, seq.; Böckh, Corp. Inscr. No. 2477, seq.)
ANAPHLYSTUS (Άνάφλυστος: Eth.Άναφλύστιος: Anavyso), a demus of Attica, belonging to the tribe Antiochis, on the W. coast of Attica, opposite the island of Eleussa, and a little N. of the promontory of Sunium. It was a place of some importance. Xenophon recommended the erection of a fortress here for the protection of the mines of Sunium. (Herod, iv. 99; Scylax, p. 21; Xen. de Vectig. 4. § 43; Strab. p. 398; Leake, Demi, p. 59.)
ANA'PUS (Άναπος). 1, (Anapo), one of the most celebrated and considerable rivers of Sicily, which rises about a mile from the modern town of Buscemi, not far from the site of Acrae; and flows into the great harbour of Syracuse. About three quarters of a mile from its mouth, and just at the foot of the hill on which stood the Olympieium, it receives the waters of the Cyane. Its banks for a considerable distance from its mouth are bordered by marshes, which rendered them at all times unhealthy; and the fevers and pestilence thus generated were among the chief causes of disaster to the Athenians, and still more to the Carthaginians, during the several sieges of Syracuse. But above these marshes the valley through which it flows is one of great beauty, and the waters of the Anapus itself are extremely limpid and clear, and of great depth. Like many rivers in a limestone country it rises all at once with a considerable volume of water, which is, however, nearly doubled by the accession of the Cyane. The tutelary divinity of the stream was worshipped by the Syracusans under the form of a young man (Ael. V. H. ii. 33), who was regarded as the husband of the nymph Cyane. (Ovid. Met. v. 416.) The river is now commonly known as the Alfco, evidently from a misconception of the story of Alpheus and Arethusa; but is also called and marked
ANAS.
on all maps as the Anapo. (Thuc. vi. 96, vii. 78; Theocr. i. 68; Plut Dion. 27, Timol. 21; Liv. xxiv. 36; Ovid. Ex Pont. ii. 26; Vib. Seq. p. 4; Oberlin, ad loc.; Fazell. iv. 1, p. 196.)
It is probable that the Palus Lysimeleia (ή λίμνη ή Λυσψέλεια καλουμένη) mentioned by Thucydides (vii. 53), was a part of the marshes formed by the Anapus near its mouth. A marshy or stagnant pool of some extent still exists between the site of the Neapolis of Syracuse and the month of the river, to which the name may with some probability be assigned.
2. A river falling into the Achelous, 80 stadia S. of Stratus. [Achelous.] [ E. H. B. ]
ANA'REI MONTES (τά Άνάρεα άρη), a range of mountains in "Scythia intra Imaum," is one of the western branches of the Altai, not far from the sources of the Ob or Irtish, Ptolemy places in their neighbourhood a people called Anarei. (Ptol. vi. 14. §§ 8, 12, 13.)
ANARI'ACAE (Άναριάκαι, Strab.; Anariaci, Plin.; in Ptol. vi. 2. § 5, erroneously Άμαριάκαι), a people on the southern side of the Caspian Sea, neighbours of the Mardi or Amardi. Their city was called Anariaca (Άναριάκη), and possessed an oracle, which communicated the divine will to persons who slept in the temple. (Strab. xi. pp. 508, 514; Plin. vi. 16. s. 18; Solin. 51; Staph. B. s. v.)
ANARTES (Caes. B. G. vi. 25), ANARTI (Άναρτοι, Ptol. iii. 8. § 5), a people of Dacia, on the N. side of the Tibiscus (Theiss). Caesar defines the extent of the Hercynia Silva to the E. as ad fines Dacorum et Anartium.[ P. S. ]
ANAS (ό Άνας: Guadiana, i. e. Wadi-Ana, river Anas, Arab.), an important river of Hispania, described by Strabo (iii. pp. 139, foil.) as rising in the eastern part of the peninsula, like the Tagus and the Baetis (Guadalquivir), between which it flows, all three having the same general direction, from E. to W., inclining to the S.; the Anas is the smallest of the three (comp. p. 162). It divided the country inhabited by the Celts and Lusitanians, who had been removed by the Romans to the S. side of the Tagus, and higher up by the Carpetani, Oretani, and Vettones, from the rich lands of Baetica or Turdetania. It fell into the Atlantic by two mouths, both navigable, between Gades (Cadiz), and the Sacred Promontory (C. St. Vincent). It was only navigable a short way up, and that for small vessels (p. 142). Strabo further quotes Polybius as placing the sources of the Anas and the Baetis in Celtiberia (p. 148). Pliny (iii. 1. s. 2) gives a more exact description of the origin and peculiar character of the Anas. It rises in the territory of Laminium; and, at one time diffused into marshes, at another retiring into a narrow channel, or entirely hid in a subterraneous course, and exulting in being born again and again, it falls into the Atlantic Ocean, after forming, in its lower course, the boundary between Lusitania and Baetica. (Comp. iv. 21. s. 35; Mela, ii. 1. § 3, iii. 1. § 3). The Antonine Itinerary (p. 446) places the source of the Anas (caput fluminis Anae) 7 M. P. from Laminium, on the road to Caesaraugusta. The source is close to the village of Osa la Montiel, in La Mancha, at the foot of one of the northern spurs of the Sierra Morena, in about 39° N. lat, and 2° 45' W. long. The river originates in a marsh, from a series of small lakes called Lagunas de Ruydera. After a course of about 7 miles, it disappears and runs underground for 12 miles, bursting
