import tariff; ‘On Silk, its Entomology, Uses, and Manufacture’ (1888); ‘On the Adulteration of Silk by Chemical Weighting’ (1897); and ‘The Divisibility of Silk Fibre’ (1908). To ‘Chambers's Encyclopædia’ he contributed in 1888 an article on ‘Silk.’
[Wardle's books and pamphlets; Mackail's Life of William Morris, 1899; Sir W. Lawrence's Valley of Kashmir, 1895; Imp. Gaz. of India, vol. xv.; Col. T. H. Hendley's Memoir, Jnl. of Indian Art and Industry, Oct. 1909; The Times, 5 Jan. 1909; Macclesfield Courier and Herald, Leek Post, and Textile Mercury, all of 9 Jan. 1909; Trans. North Staffs. Field Club, xliii. (1909); personal knowledge.]
WARING, ANNA LETITIA (1823–1910), hymn writer, born at Plas-y-Velin, Neath, Glamorganshire, on 19 April 1823, was the second daughter of Elijah and Deborah Waring, members of the' Society of Friends. Her uncle, Samuel Miller Waring (1792-1827), a hymn writer, author of 'Sacred Melodies' (1826), had left the Friends for the Anglican communion; a desire for sacraments led his niece to follow his example; she was baptised on 15 May 1842 at St. Martin's, Winnall, Winchester. She early wrote hymns (her 'Father, I know that all my life' was written in 1846); her verse writing, continued to near the close of life, never lost its freshness, and exhibits at its best a real poetic vein, with a delicate purity of feeling and a ringing melody of diction. James Martineau writes of 'long-standing spiritual obligations' to her (Talbot, p. 27). She had learned Hebrew for the study of the poetry of the Old Testament, and daily read the Hebrew psalter. Her kindly nature was shown in her love of animals, her philanthropy in her constant visits to the Bristol prisons and her interest in the Discharged Prisoners Aid Society. Her friendships were few and deep. With an habitually grave demeanour she combined a 'merry, quiet humour.' She died unmarried on 10 May 1910 at Clifton, Bristol.
She published: 1. 'Hymns and Meditations,' 1850, 16mo; 17th edit. 1896; several American reprints. 2. 'Additional Hymns,' 1858, 12mo (included in subsequent editions of No. 1). 3. 'Days of Remembrance,' 1886 (calendar of Bible texts).
[The Times, 24 May 1910; Julian, Dict., of Hymnology, 1907, pp. 1233 sq., 1723; M. S. Talbot, In Remembrance of A. L. Waring, 1911 (portrait, additional hymns, and other verses); Joseph Smith, Cat. of Friends' Books, 1867, ii. 856.]
WARINGTON, ROBERT (1838–1907), agricultural chemist, eldest son and second child of Robert Warington [q. v.], one of the founders of the Chemical Society, was born at 22 Princes Street, Spitalfields, on 22 Aug. 1838. In 1842 his father was appointed chemical operator and resident director to the Society of Apothecaries, and the family took up their residence on 29 Sept. 1842 at Apothecaries'; Hall. The son's constitution was naturally feeble, and life in the heart of the city did not strengthen it. Whilst still quite young, he studied chemistry in his father's laboratory and attended lectures by Faraday, Brande, and Hofmann. His father, being desirous of securing the youth employment in the country, obtained in Jan. 1859, from Sir John Bennet Lawes [q. v. Suppl. I], an engagement for his son at the Rothamsted Laboratory as unpaid assistant. He remained there for a year, devoting all his time to ash analyses, and then returned to London as research assistant to (Sir) Edward Frankland [q. v. Suppl. I]. In Oct. 1862 a further break-down in health forced him again to seek a country life, and he went as assistant to the Royal Agricultural College at Cirencester, where he remained till June 1867. During his stay at Cirencester his earliest papers on scientific subjects under his own name were pubHshed in the 'Journal of the Chemical Society.' His first original work of importance was an investigation into the part played by ferric oxide and alumina in decomposing soluble phosphates and other salts, and retaining them in the soil. The results of this investigation (embodied in a series of four papers read before the Chemical Society) show careful work and close reasoning. In 1864 he commenced lecturing at Cirencester on the Rothamsted experiments, and it was proposed that Warington should publish a book on the subject. But Dr. Sir Joseph Henry Gilbert [q. V. Suppl. II], Lawes's collaborator, objected; the book remained in manuscript, and Gilbert and Warington were estranged for life.
Leaving Cirencester in June 1867, Warington was given by Lawes the post of chemist to his manure and tartaric and citric acid works at Barking and Millwall. His engagement terminated in 1874, but he remained in the Millwall laboratory for two years longer, working on citric and tartaric acids, and ultimately publishing his results in a paper of 70 pages in the 'Journal of the Chemical Society' (1875). In 1876 he returned to Rothamsted, under
