body — were at the same time carefully guarded. Liddell had taken a prominent part in both these reforms, and lived to see and to guide a third change, which came after the parliamentary commission of 1877, by which the studentships were divided into two classes, with different conditions of tenure and emoluments.
Dean Liddell's time will always be associated with great alterations and additions to the buildings of Christ Church. The new block of buildings fronting the meadow was erected in 1862–5, the great quadrangle was brought to its present state, and the cathedral, chapter-house, and cloisters were carefully restored.
In all matters relating to the university Dean Liddell exercised considerable authority during many years. The Clarendon Press owes very much to his enlightened and prudent guidance; his refined artistic tastes, and lifelong friendship with Ruskin, led him to take a deep interest in the university galleries. He was vice-chancellor 1870–4, and discharged with singular dignity and efficiency the duties of that important office, which had not been held by a dean of Christ Church since the days of Dean Aldrich (1692–4). As a ruler of his college he was somewhat stern and unsympathetic in demeanour, but he became more kindly as he advanced in years, and his rare and noble presence, high dignity, and unswerving justice gained the respect and gradually the affection of all members of his house. He was created hon. LL.D. of Edinburgh University in 1884, and hon. D.C.L. of Oxford in 1893. On Stanley's death he was offered but refused the deanery of Westminster.
After his resignation of the deanery in December 1891 he lived in retirement at Ascot till his death there on 18 Jan. 1898. His body lies at Christ Church, outside the southern wall of the sanctuary of the cathedral, close by the grave of his daughter Edith, who died in 1876.
Dean Liddell married, on 2 July 1846, Lorina, daughter of James Reeve, a member of a Norfolk family. Three sons and four daughters survived him.
In addition to the 'Greek Lexicon,' Dean Liddell published in 1855 'A History of Ancient Rome,' 2 vols. This work was subsequently (1871) abridged, and as 'The Student's History of Rome to the Establishment of the Empire' has a permanent circulation. He rarely published sermons; the best known of them, preached before the university of Oxford on 3 Nov. 1867, dealt with the philosophical basis of the real presence.
There are two portraits in oil of Dean Liddell; one, by Mr. G. F. Watts, R.A., is in the hall of Christ Church. This was presented to the dean, at the gaudy of 1876, in commemoration of the completion of his twentieth year of office. The other, by Mr. Hubert Herkomer, R.A., was painted in 1891, and presented by the painter to the university galleries. There is also an exquisite crayon drawing by George Richmond, R.A. (1858), which has been engraved. These, together with a portrait of Liddell at the age of twenty-eight by George Cruikshank, are reproduced in the present writer's 'Memoir' (1899).
[Memoir of H. G. Liddell, D.D., 1899, by the present writer.]
LILFORD, Baron. [See Powys, Thomas Littleton, 1833–1896.]
LINDLEY, WILLIAM (1808–1900), civil engineer, son of Joseph Lindley of Heath, Yorkshire, was born in London on 7 Sept. 1808. He was educated at Croydon and in Germany, in which country he was afterwards to make his name as an engineer. In 1827 he became a pupil of Francis Giles, and was chiefly engaged in railway work. He was in 1838 appointed engineer-in-chief to the Hamburg and Bergedorf railway, and it was in the city of Hamburg that the engineering work by which he will be remembered was carried out for the next twenty-two years. He designed and supervised the construction of the Hamburg sewerage and water works, of the drainage and reclamation of the low-lying 'Hammerbrook' district, much of which is now a valuable part of the city, and he drew out the plans for rebuilding the city after the disastrous fire of May 1842. He was in fact responsible for most of the engineering and other works which have changed the ancient Hanseatic city into one of the greatest modern seaports of Europe. His water supply for Hamburg was the first complete system of the kind, now usually adopted on the continent, and his sewerage arrangements contained many principles novel at that time, though since commonly adopted. He left Hamburg in 1860, and in 1865 he was appointed consulting engineer to the city of Frankfort-on-Main. He designed and carried out complete sewerage works for that city. Here again many improvements were for the first time adopted, and this system has become more or less typical for similar works on the continent. He retired from active work in 1879. He joined the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1842, and was for many years a member of
