1714–15; ditto, Holland, Nos. 368, 372, 375, 379, 381–2, 386–8, 391–4, 400–1; correspondence of various dates relating to Cadogan's services in Holland; ditto, Germany, Nos. 214–15, 216, the first two containing Cadogan's correspondence during his embassy at Vienna with M. St. Saporta, secretary of the Venetian Republic. Home Office Papers, besides the information in the Military Entry Books, contain in the Warrant and Letter Books sundry entries relative to Cadogan's diplomatic services. In British Museum manuscripts may be noted: Add. MSS. 21494, ff. 64, 68, 72, letters dated 1703; 22196, a large volume of correspondence, chiefly diplomatic, between Cadogan and Lord Raby, British representative at Berlin, covering the period 1703–10, where in one letter Raby incidentally recalls early days in Dublin, ‘when you was really a poet,’ and in another bespeaks Cadogan's intercession for a prisoner at Spandau, an artillery officer known to them both at the siege of Kingsale; 28329, correspondence with Lady Seaforth during the Scottish campaign in 1715 (see also Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. viii. 445); 20319, f. 39, letter on embassy to the Hague in 1718; 28155, f. 299, letter to Admiral Sir John Norris in 1719; 29315, f. 35, letter to the Duke of Grafton in 1721. Also Add. Ch. 16154, patent of barony of Oakley, and 6300, appointment as plenipotentiary at Vienna. Cadogan's correspondence and other papers preserved in private manuscript collections will be found indexed in Hist. MSS. Comm. Reps., vol. ii., under ‘Cadogan,’ vol. iii. under ‘Cadogan’ with various prefixes, and under ‘the Hague,’ in vols. vi. and vii. under ‘Cadogan,’ in vol. viii., where the Marlborough MSS., containing a mass of unpublished material, are reported upon, although Cadogan's name figures once only in the index, and in vol. ix.; correspondence and news-letters under heading ‘Cadogan.’]
CADOGAN, WILLIAM (1711–1797), physician, was born in London in 1711 and graduated B.A. at Oriel College, Oxford, in 1731. He then studied at Leyden, where he took the degree of M.D. in 1737, and was soon after appointed a physician to the army. He began private practice in Bristol, and while resident there was elected in 1752 F.R.S., but a little later settled in London, was made physician to the Foundling Hospital in 1754, and soon attained success. He took the degrees of M.A., M.B., and M.D. at Oxford June 1755, became a fellow of the College of Physicians in 1758, was four times a censor, and twice delivered the Harveian oration. He lived in George Street, Hanover Square, died there 26 Feb. 1797, and was buried at Fulham, where he had a villa. Cadogan's works are his graduation thesis, ‘De nutritione, incremento, et decremento corporis,’ Leyden, 1737; his two Harveian orations, 1764 and 1792; ‘An Essay on the Nursing and Management of Children,’ London, 1750; and ‘A Dissertation on the Gout and on all Chronic Diseases,’ London, 1771. His thesis is a statement of the current physiological opinions, and contains no original observation, and his Harveian orations are mere rhetorical exercises. His book on nursing is his best work, and went through nine editions in twenty years. He thinks children have, in general, too many clothes and too much food. Looser clothing and a simpler diet are recommended, with sensible directions on the management of children. Cadogan's book on the gout was widely read, and was attacked by several of his medical contemporaries, among others by Sir William Browne [q. v.] It reached a tenth edition within two years, but is not a work of any depth. Gout is, in his opinion, not hereditary, and, in common with most chronic diseases, arises from indolence, intemperance, and vexation. The writer assumes a tone of superiority towards his contemporaries, which was probably engendered by his pecuniary success, but is not justified by the knowledge displayed in the book. His treatment of gout is sound as far as it goes, for he advises spare diet and as much exercise as possible. Dr. Cadogan's portrait, by R. E. Pine, is at the College of Physicians.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. 1878, ii. 222; Cadogan's Works; Nichols's Anecd. iii. 329; Gent. Mag. 1797, p. 352.]
CADROE, Saint (d. 976?), abbot of Wassor and St. Felix, near Metz, was born in Scotland about the beginning of the tenth century; and the history of his life has preserved almost the only materials we have for reconstructing the Scotch social life of this period. According to his contemporary biographer both his parents were of royal, or at least noble, descent. His father, Fochertach or Faiteach, had married a widow, Bania by name, and being without children, the aged couple set out for Hi (Iona), to obtain the intercession of St. Columba by prayers at the saint's tomb (the manuscript reads Columbanus by a natural mistake for Columba). Their petition was granted, and in due time a son was born, to whom his parents gave the name of Kaddroe, in token that he was to be ‘bellator in castris domini invictus.’ Immediately on the child's birth we are told that, ‘in accordance with the custom of the country, a crowd of noble people of either sex and of every age came forward eager to undertake the boy's education.’ In obedience to a second vision Cadroe was handed over to the care of a matron, who brought him up at her own home till he was
