Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 09.djvu/132

and March 1837); ‘On the Sinking of the Vengeur’ (July 1839); ‘An Election to the Long Parliament’ (October 1844); ‘Thirty-five Unpublished Letters of Cromwell’ (December 1847); ‘Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question’ (February 1849), reprinted 1853 separately; ‘Early Kings of Norway’ (January and March 1875); ‘Portraits of John Knox’ (April 1875). The last two together and separately.

Westminster Review: ‘Nibelungen Lied’ (July 1831).

New Monthly Magazine: ‘Death of Goethe’ (June 1832).

London and Westminster Review: ‘Mirabeau’ (January 1837); ‘Parliamentary History of the French Revolution’ (April 1837); ‘Sir Walter Scott’ (January 1838); ‘Varnhagen von Ense’ (December 1838); ‘Baillie the Covenanter’ (January 1842); ‘The Prinzenraub’ (January 1855).

Examiner: ‘Petition on Copyright Bill’ (7 April 1839).

Leigh Hunt's Journal. ‘Two Hundred and Fifty Years Ago, a Fragment about Duels’ (Nos. 1, 3, 6, 1850); Keepsake for 1852 (Barry Cornwall's); ‘The Opera;’ Proceedings of Society of Scotch Antiquaries, i. pt. iii.; ‘Project of a National Exhibition of Scotch Portraits’ (1854).

Macmillan's Magazine: ‘The American Iliad in a Nutshell’ (August 1863); ‘Shooting Niagara and After’ (August 1867).

‘Occasional and Miscellaneous Essays’ (1839), printed in America, included all the above up to the date; those published later were added in subsequent editions, in a 2nd edition (5 vols.), 1840; 3rd edition, 1847; 4th edition, 1857. They are included in the ‘Miscellanies’ in collected editions of works.

Separate works are as follows: 1. ‘Life of Schiller,’ first published in ‘London Magazine’ for October 1823, January, July, August, and September 1824; issued separately in 1825; second edition, 1845. 2. ‘Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship’ (3 vols. 1824). 3. ‘Legendre's Elements of Geometry and Trigonometry’ (translated with introductory chapter on doctrine of proportion), 1824. 4. ‘German Romance,’ 1827 (vol. i. ‘Musæus and La Motte Fouqué;’ vol. ii. ‘Tieck and Hoffman;’ vol. iii. ‘J. P. F. Richter;’ vol. iv. ‘Wilhelm Meister,’ including the ‘Travels,’ now first published). The prefaces are included in the ‘Miscellaneous Essays.’ 5. ‘Sartor Resartus,’ first published in ‘Fraser's Magazine’ (bk. i. November and December 1833; bk. ii. February, March, April, June, 1834; bk. iii. July and August, 1834). Some copies were made up from ‘Fraser's Magazine;’ the first separate edition appeared at Boston in 1835, the first English edition in 1838. 6. ‘French Revolution,’ 3 vols. 1837; 2nd edition, 1839. 7. ‘Chartism,’ 1839. 8. ‘Heroes, Hero-worship, and the Heroic in History,’ 1841. 9. ‘Past and Present,’ 1843. 10. ‘Life and Letters of Oliver Cromwell,’ 2 vols. 1845. 11. ‘Latter-day Pamphlets:’ (1) ‘The Present Time’ (1 Feb.); (2) ‘Model Prisons’ (1 March); (3) ‘Downing Street’ (15 April); (4) ‘The New Downing Street’ (1 May); (5) ‘Stump Orator’ (1 May); (6) ‘Parliaments’ (1 June); (7) ‘Hudson's Statue’ (1 July); (8) ‘Jesuitism’ (1 Aug.), 1850. 12. ‘Life of Sterling,’ 1851. 13. ‘Friedrich II’ (vols. i. and ii. 1858, vol. iii. 1862, vol. iv. 1864, vols. v. and vi. 1865). 14. ‘Inaugural Address at Edinburgh,’ 1866. 15. ‘Reminiscences of my Irish Journey in 1849’ (with preface by Mr. Froude), 1882. 16. ‘Last Words of Thomas Carlyle’ (with preface by J[ane] C[arlyle] A[itken]), 1882. The first collective edition (in 16 vols.) appeared in 1857–8. (For letters in newspapers and elsewhere see ‘Bibliography of Thomas Carlyle’ by H. R. Shepherd.)

[The main authorities for Carlyle's life are his Reminiscences, published by Mr. Froude in 1881; Thomas Carlyle, a history of the first forty years of his life, 2 vols. 1882; and Thomas Carlyle, a history of his life in London, 2 vols. 1884, both by J. A. Froude (cited above as Froude i. ii. iii. and iv.); Letters and Memorials of Jane Welsh Carlyle, ‘prepared for publication by Thomas Carlyle, and edited by J. A. Froude,’ 3 vols. 1883; see also Correspondence of Thomas Carlyle and R. W. Emerson, 2 vols. 1883, edited by Charles Eliot Norton, who also (1886) published a collection of Carlyle's early letters of 1826–36. Carlyle's Reminiscences and the Memorials of Mrs. Carlyle were entrusted to Mr. Froude for publication under circumstances described in the prefaces to these works, and in the Life in London, ii. 408–15, 464–7. Mr. Froude defends himself against the charge of improper publication in the Life in London, i. 1–7. Carlyle first gave him the manuscripts in 1871, and the will of 1873 left the decision as to publication with him; John Carlyle and John Forster, who were to be consulted, died before Carlyle. Shortly before Carlyle's death, in the autumn of 1880, Mr. Froude again had a consultation with Carlyle, who had ‘almost forgotten what he had written;’ but on having it recalled to his recollection, approved of the publication. Mr. Froude decided to carry out the publication, chiefly on the ground that this was Carlyle's persistent wish and ‘supremely honourable’ to him. It was an act of posthumous penance, and it was desirable that ‘a frank and noble confession’ should give the whole truth as to Mrs. Carlyle's grievances, which would ‘infallibly come to light’ in some