press, they were chiefly devotional. Fleming, who died in 1779, aged 80, finding that his infirmities would prevent him from making a selection for the press, formed the intention of returning the papers to Cardale's executors, one of whom was the Rev. James Kettle of Warwick, a native of Evesham (d. about 1805). Priestley on 12 May 1789 writes to Toulmin: ‘I received from Mr. Lindsey some time ago a small volume, 12mo, of Mr. Cardale's devotional compositions.’ Aspland treats this as a posthumous publication, but there is no other trace of it. It would seem that Toulmin was engaged on a memoir of Cardale, but it never appeared. In 1821 Timothy Davis, minister of Oat Street chapel, Evesham, had a diary and other papers of Cardale, all in shorthand.
[Fleming's Few Strictures, prefixed to the Enquiry, 1776; Aspland's Brief Memoir of Cardale, 1852, reprinted from the Christian Reformer; Monthly Repos. 1821, p. 527; Christian Moderator, 1827, 241; Rutt's Mem. of Priestley, 1831, i. 133, 1832, ii. 19, 23; Sibree and Caston's Independency in Warwickshire, 1855, 131; manuscript notes by Sergeant Heywood, in his copy of the True Doctrine (afterwards in the possession of Bishop Turton).]
CARDER, PETER (fl. 1577–1586), mariner, of St. Veriun in Cornwall, who, according to his own story, a seaman of the Pelican with Drake when she sailed from England on her voyage round the world in November 1677. In October 1578, the ship being then in the Straits of Magellan, Carder was one of eight men in the pinnace who in a gale lont sight of the ship, and, not being able to sight her again, made the mainland and followed alone the shore to St. Julian, living on shellfish and such fish as they could catch. From St. Julian tbey made to the river Plata, and crossing to the north side wandered into the woods, leaving two men in the boat. They fell in with the natives, who attacked them, captured four of the party, and chased the others to the boat, in which they managed to escape, though all badly wounded. They got to an island some three leagues distant from the shore, where two of the wounded men died, Carder and another William Pitcher, by name, being left the sole survivors. A gale on and smashed their boat on the rocks, and for some two months they supported life on sand eels, little crabs, and a fruit resembling an ornnge, but for want of water they were reduced to the most direful straits. At length some driftwood came ashore, they managed to make a raft, and, provisioning it as best they could, put to sea. It was three days and two nights before they reached the land, when, coming to 'a little river of very sweet and pleasant water,' Pitcher drank to such excess that he died within half an hour. Carder after this met with a tribe of savages who received him as a friend, he stayed with them for some time, learned their language, taught them to make and use shields and clubs — for before they were armed only with bows and arrows — and led them against a neighbouring tribe, which they completely defeated, and took many prisoners, most of whom they roasted and devoured. Afterwards he was permitted to leave this tribe, and made his way northwards to Bahia and Pemambuco, whence after some delay he embarked for Europe ; and so, after some further adventures, he arrived in England in November 1586.
The whole story is related at length in 'Purchas, his Pilgrimes,' as though in Carder's own words. The presumption is that it was written by Carder and supplied by him to Purchas. It is therefore necessary to point out that the very remarkable narrative rests entirely on Carder's own testimony, is not corroborated by any other, and is virtually contradicted by very high authority on the one important point on which contradiction was possible. In the narrative of the Pelican's voyage (The World encompassed by Sir Francis Drake, Hakluyt Soc.), while many trifling things are carefully recorded, there is no mention of the loss of the pinnace with eight men. It is barely possible that the omission is an oversight; it is much more probable that there was no such loss to record, and that, from beginning to end, the story is a fiction. Of the narrator we have no other knowledge. The narrative speaks of him as still alive in 1618, and apparently in 1626, when the 'Pilgrimes' was published.
[Purchas, his Pilgrimes. iv. 1187.]
CARDIGAN, Earl of. (1797-1868). [See Brudenel, James Thomas.]
CARDMAKER (alias Taylor), JOHN (d. 1555), martyr, was originally an Observant friar, who, after the dissolution of his order under the persecution which Henry VIII specially directed against it, lapsed into the world, and became a married minister. His name is found in the list of licensed preachers of Edward VI (Dixon, Ch. of Engl. n. 486), He was vicar of St. Bridget's in Fleet Street, and one of the readers or lecturers at St. Paul's, where he read three timea a week. Some of his sayings against Gardiner and Bonner, and concerning the sacrament, are preserved (Grey Friars' Chron. 50, 67, 63), On Somerset's first fall, when a religious re-
