hands than Carey began to appear as a political economist. He advocated protection for American native industry, and produced many tracts in support of his theories. He associated with some other Philadelphia citizens in the formation of a society for the promotion of national industry, which helped to circulate his pamphlets gratuitously.
Carey retired from business in 1824. During the latter portion of his life he continued to take active part in works of public charity and utility, in promoting education, and the construction of roads, canals, and other public works. In 1832 he made the liberal offer of endowing a chair of political economy in the university of Maryland, which was, however, not accepted. His death occurred in September 1839. Besides the above-mentioned, Carey published a selection of pieces in prose and verse which had already appeared in the ‘Co1umbia Magazine;' ‘A Short Account of the Malignant Fever lately prevalent in Philadelphia’ (1793); ‘Essays on Political Economy’ (1822); ‘Thoughts on Penitentiaries and Prison Discipline' (1831); ‘Letters on the Colonization Society’ (which reached a twelfth edition in 1838); ‘Female Wages and Female Oppression’ (1835); and a host of tracts and other ephemeral writings, the mere titles of whichoccupy four closely printed pages in Sabin’s ‘Dictionary of Books relating to America’ (iii. 338–42). He was father of Henry Carey, well known as an American economist.
[New England Magazine, v. 405, 489, vi. 60, 93, 227, 306, 400, vii. 61, 145, 239, 320, 401, 481 (autobiographical); Hunt's Merchant's Magazine, 1839, f. 429; Duyckinck's Cyclo. of Amer. Literature, i. f. 667; American Almanack, 1841, f. 215; Nile's Register, xx. 345, xxxiv. 337; Porcupine's Works, iv. 53, x. 59, 60; Janson's The Stranger in America (1807), 418, 419; William Cobbett, a biography (1875); One Hundred Years of Publishing, 1785–1885.]
CAREY, PATRICK. [See Cary.]
CAREY, ROBERT, first Earl of Monmouth (1560?–1639), seventh and youngest son of Henry Carey, first lord Hunsdon [q. v.], was born about 1580, for he states that he was ‘upon sixty-three years of age' when he followed Prince Charles to Spain in 1823 (Memoirs, p. 157). At the age of seventeen he accompanied Sir Thomas Layton in his embassy to the Netherlands, and four years later formed part of the suite sent by Elizabeth to attend the Duke of Alençon when he undertook the government of the Low Countries. In 1586, and again in the parliaments of 1588 and 1593, he represented Morpeth. In 1587 he stole sway from court with the Earl of Cumberland to take part in the attempts to relieve Sluys, and spent a few months in active military service. In the next year he served against the Spanish armada as a gentleman volunteer. It is stated by Park that Carey’s portrait was among those of the English commanders in the tapestry of the House of Lords. In Essex's expedition to Normandy in 1591, Carey commanded first a troop and then a regiment, and took part in the siege of Rouen. But it was rather as a courtier than as a soldier that he distinguished himself, although Lloyd speaks of his ‘uncourtly temper,’ and asserts that his share of the family candour prevented his success (State Worthies, p. 794). ‘I lived in court,’ says Carey, 'had small means of my friends, and yet God so blessed me that I was ever able to keep company with the best. In all triumphs I was one; either at tilt, tourney, or barriers, in masque or balls; I kept men and horses far above my rank, and so continued a long time.’ In short, as his cousin the Earl of Suffolk, afterwards told James I, ‘there was none in the queen’s court that lived in a better fashion than he did’ (Memoirs, p. 145). What most distinguished him, however, was that ‘he exceeded in making choice of what he wore to be handsome and comely.’ These characteristics recommended him to the notice and favour of James I when he attended Walsingham into Scotland (1583). ‘It pleased the king at that time to take such a liking of me,’ as he wrote earnestly to the queen at our return to give me leave to come back to him again, to attend him at his court, assuring her majesty I should not repent my attendance’ (ib. p. 7). For this reason Carey was chosen to explain to James Elizabeth's innocence of Mary's execution, but he was not allowed even to cross the border. On two subsequent occasions, however, in 1588 and 1593, he proved a more successful negotiator. Essex found Carey's skilful intercession effective with Elizabeth when all his friends in court and all her council could not move her from her resolution to recall him from Normandy (1591). For this service he knighted Carey, and told him that ‘when he had need of one to plead for him he would never use an other orator’ (ib. pp. 28–33). About 1598 Carey married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Hugh Trevannion; she appears to have been the widow of some member of the family of Widdrington. She brought him very little money, and ‘the queen was mightily offended’ with him for marrying (ib. p. 51) He regained her favour only after ‘a stormy and terrible encounter,’
