have cast out the images and crosses from the churches, whereupon there arose through all the Frankish territories a cry that he was introducing a new religion. Against him Dungal in 827 wrote his work, ‘A Reply to the perverse opinions of Claudius, Bishop of Turin,’ dedicating it to both kings Louis and Lothair. A summary of his arguments may be seen in Lanigan. They consist chiefly of passages from the Greek and Latin fathers, and copious extracts from church hymns. He asserts that from the beginning of christianity to 820 images were honoured, yet it is only from the latter part of the fourth century he is able to quote instances. He places more reliance on the discovery of relics and such matters, as Schroeckh observes. Muratori expresses some doubt as to whether the author of this work was Dungal the astronomer. The name was a common one, and occurs twenty-two times in the ‘Annals of the Four Masters,’ and the subjects of the two treatises are very different. It is impossible now to decide the question. Dungal had an excellent library, the catalogue of which has been published by Muratori; prefixed to it is a note stating that they are the books which ‘Dungal, the eminent Irishman, presented to the blessed Columbanus,’ or, in other words, to the library of Bobbio, the monastery founded by Columbanus, his countryman. The books were afterwards removed by F. Cardinal Borromeo to the Ambrosian library in Milan, where they still remain. Not the least interesting of them is the Antiphonary of Bangor (in county Down), a hymn-book compiled in the seventh century. It has been inferred with some probability, from the presence of this book, that Dungal was a monk of Bangor, and brought this book with him when leaving Ireland. Some epistles of his to Alcuin are extant, and an acrostic addressed to Hildoald. Mabillon published a contemporary poem in praise of him. He is supposed to have passed the close of his life at Bobbio, after the gift of books to its library. The date of his death is not known.
[D'Achery's Spicilegium, x. 143–53, Paris, 1671; Bibliotheca Patrum, xiv. 196; Schroeckh's Kirchengeschichte, xxiii. 407–14; Muratori Scriptt. Rer. Ital. i. bk. ii. 151; O'Conor's Scriptt. Rer. Hiber. iv. 175; Migne's Patrologia, cv. col. 447 seq.]
DUNGANNON, Viscount (1798–1862). [See Trevor, Arthur Hill.] ,
DUNGLISSON, ROBLEY, M.D. (1798–1869), medical writer, son of William Dunglisson, was born at Keswick, Cumberland, 4 Jan. 1798, and in accordance with a custom of the north-west of England, received in baptism his mother's maiden name. He was apprenticed to an apothecary at Keswick, attended lectures at Edinburgh and in London, and in 1819 became a surgeon-apothecary, to which diplomas in 1824 he added an Erlangen doctorate, as a preliminary to commencing practice as a man midwife. He published in 1824 ‘Commentaries on Diseases of the Stomach and Bowels of Children,’ a lengthy compilation which excited the admiration of an agent of the university of Virginia, then seeking professors in Europe, and led to Dunglisson's appointment as a professor. He reached America in 1825, and lectured for nine years in the university of Virginia. During this period he published a ‘Human Physiology’ in two volumes, and a medical dictionary. In 1833 he migrated to the university of Maryland, and lectured at Baltimore on materia medica, therapeutics, hygiene, and medical jurisprudence, and at the same time wrote treatises on general therapeutics and on hygiene. He was elected professor of the institutes of medicine in Jefferson Medical College, moved to Philadelphia in 1836, and there lectured till 1868. He wrote magazine articles on a great variety of subjects, translated and edited many medical books, and wrote a ‘Practice of Medicine,’ 1842, and a ‘History of Medicine’ (edited since his death by his son, 1872). A complete list of his medical writings is printed in the ‘Index Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon-General's Office, U.S. Army’ (iii. 949–950). They show extensive superficial acquaintance with books, but no thorough reading in medicine, while his knowledge of disease from personal observation seems to have been small. He could write down in a morning enough to fill fifteen pages of print, but his reputation for learning in America was due to the want of learning in the universities in which he flourished. He was a most industrious professor, and excited the admiration of his pupils and of the American medical world, which bought 125,000 copies of his works. He was the most voluminous writer of his day in the new world, and his American biographer records with pride that in point of bulk the works of all his American contemporaries sink into insignificance beside his. He married in London in 1824 Harriette Leadam, and had seven children. He died of disease of the aortic valves, 1 April 1869, and at the post-mortem examination his brain was found to be five ounces heavier than the average English male brain.
[Gross's Memoir, Philadelphia, 1869; Works.]
