quaker minister. In this year he pastorally visited the Friends in Wales and the west of England, and in the following year those in Yorkshire and Durham. Early in 1744 he visited Ireland. His letters to his wife show that quakerism there was declining, and that he made great efforts to revive it. In 1745 his ministerial journeys were much interrupted by the rebellion, and from that time till 1750, when he was present at the yearly meeting of the Irish quakers, he chiefly laboured near his residence. In 1754 he obtained a certificate enabling him to pursue his work abroad, and immediately visited North America, where he remained till 1756, visiting nearly all the quakers' meetings in the northern and many in the southern colonies. He rode 180 miles to visit one isolated family, and, from poverty, had occasionally to go without food himself to provide for his horse. He laboured to reconcile the colonists and the Indians. On his return to England he organised a subscription for the relief of the poverty occasioned by the scarcity of employment round Warrington during the winter of 1756, and resumed his ministerial work until his incessant labours caused a severe illness. He never completely recovered, and was afterwards mainly occupied in attending to his business as a tea merchant and American merchant, and in some literary work which he never completed. In 1760 he was appointed one of a committee to visit all the quarterly and other meetings in the kingdom, and in 1762 he visited most of the quaker meetings in Ireland. A similar service in Scotland two years later led largely to the revival of quakerism in that country. From this time till his death he was unable to take any active part in the affairs of the Society of Friends, and his later years were passed in great suffering. He died at Warrington in June 1772, and was buried in the Friends' burial-ground at Penketh, Lancashire.
Fothergill was well read in books, and a keen student of men and manners; he is described as having been dignified, courteous, grave, and yet affable. His writings were chiefly tracts or brief addresses, but the number of times they have been reprinted proves them to have been highly valued by the quakers.
[Jepson's Just Character of the late S. Fothergill, 1774; Letchworth's Brief Account of the late Samuel Fothergill, 1774; Crosfield's Memoirs of the Life, &c., of S. Fothergill, 1843.]
FOULIS, ANDREW (1712–1775). [See under Foulis, Robert.]
FOULIS, Sir DAVID (d. 1642), politician, was third son of James Foulis, by Agnes Heriot of Lumphoy, and great-grandson of Sir James Foulis of Colinton (d. 1549) [q. v.] From 1594 onwards he was actively engaged in politics, and many of his letters are calendared in Thorpe's ‘Scottish State Papers.’ He came to England with James I in 1603; was knighted 13 May of that year; was created honorary M.A. at Oxford 30 Aug. 1605 (Oxf. Univ. Reg. vol. ii. pt. i. p. 237, Oxf. Hist. Soc.); was naturalised by act of parliament in April 1606; obtained with Lord Sheffield and others in 1607 a patent for making alum in Yorkshire (Cartwright, Chapters in Yorkshire History, p. 195); purchased the manor of Ingleby, Yorkshire, from Ralph, lord Eure, in 1609; and was made a baronet of England 6 Feb. 1619–20. He acted as cofferer to both Prince Henry and Prince Charles. Sir David, high in the favour of James I, was the recipient in 1614 of the famous letter of advice to the king sent from Italy by Sir Robert Dudley, titular duke of Northumberland [q. v.] In 1629 Foulis gave evidence respecting the document after it had been discovered in the library of Sir Robert Bruce Cotton [q. v.] As member of the council of the north he chafed against Wentworth's despotic exercise of the president's authority, and in July 1632 not only denied that the council existed by parliamentary authority, but charged Wentworth with malversation of the public funds. Wentworth indignantly repudiated the accusation, and Foulis appealed in vain to Charles I for protection from Wentworth's vengeance while offering to bring the gentry of Yorkshire to a better temper. He was dismissed from the council, was summoned before the Star-chamber, was ordered to pay 5,000l. to the crown and 3,000l. to Wentworth, and was sent to the Fleet in default (1633). There he remained till the Long parliament released him, 16 March 1640–1 (Lords' Journals, iv. 155 a; Gardiner, History, vii. 139–40, 232–7). Foulis appeared as a witness against Strafford at the trial in 1641 (Rushworth, Trial, pp. 149–54). He died at Ingleby in 1642. By his wife Cordelia, daughter of William Fleetwood of Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire—she died in August 1631 and was buried at Ingleby—he was father of five sons and two daughters. Foulis was the author of ‘A Declaration of the Diet and Particular Fare of King Charles I when Duke of York,’ printed in 1802 by Mr. Edmund Turnor in ‘Archæologia,’ xv. 1–12 (Nichols, Illustrations, vi. 596).
The eldest son and second baronet, Sir Henry, was fined 500l. by the Star-chamber when his father was punished in 1633; was
