both houses dated 23 July and 2 Sept. 1647. On 12 July 1648 Fowke presented to both houses a ‘petition for peace in the name of divers well-affected magistrates, ministers, and other inhabitants in the city of London, and parts adjacent,’ and delivered himself of a short speech. The petition, which with the speech was published, expressed a hope that the parliament might take a course to secure peace. When, a few weeks later, the army returned to London, ‘some false brothers in the city,’ says Lord Holles, ‘as Alderman Foulks and Alderman Gibbs, bewitcht the city and lull'd it into a security’ (Memoirs, 1699, pp. 110, 160). At the sale of bishops' lands Fowke acquired, 28 Sept. 1648, the Gloucestershire manors of Maysmore, Preston, Longford, and Ashleworth, the property of the sees of Gloucester and Bristol, for 3,819l. 14s. (Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, i. 124). He was named one of the king's judges, but refused to attend. On 27 Feb. 1651 a parliamentary committee reported that compensation to the extent of 27,615l. ought to be awarded him (Commons' Journals, vii. 99–100). The matter was referred to a committee of the council of state, 9 Sept. 1652 (ib. vii. 177), who suggested, 25 Oct., that state lands in Waltham Forest, Essex, worth 500l. a year should be settled on him and his heirs for ever, ‘according to his own propositions given in to council’ (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1651–2, p. 455). This proposal, although backed up by innumerable petitions from Fowke, did not receive the assent of the council until 9 May 1654 (ib. 1654, p. 162). Elated by his success, Fowke now besought them to take his ‘sufferings’ into consideration. Finally, it was enacted, 4 Aug. 1654, that 5,000l. be assigned him from the fines set by the Act of Grace for Scotland, ‘and if any part remained unpaid, it should be provided for some other way’ (ib. 1654, p. 287). During 1652–3 Fowke served the office of lord mayor. In January 1653 he was acting as a commissioner for the sale of the king's goods (Cal. of Clarendon State Papers, ii. 171). Along with four other commissioners he was appointed, 10 March 1653–4, to consider ‘how the business of the forests might be best improved for the benefit of the state,’ and to draw up a report thereon (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1654, pp. 19, 97). He was one of the committee chosen by the city to confer with Fleetwood, 9 Dec. 1659 (Mercurius Politicus, 8–15 Dec. 1659, p. 945). Three weeks later he laid before the court of common council a report which was printed on the ‘imminent and extraordinary danger of the City.’ When the city corporation agreed to send their thanks to Monck for his services, Fowke was one of the three commissioners appointed for that purpose, 19 Jan. 1659–60 (ib. 19–26 Jan. 1660, p. 1043). On 30 Jan. he reported to the lord mayor, in the name of the other commissioners, the effect of their journey (ib. 26 Jan. to 2 Feb. 1650, p. 1068). In March he appears as a commissioner for the City of London militia (ib. 8–15 March 1660, p. 1170). When the Restoration seemed inevitable, Fowke hastened to clear himself of all complicity in the king's death by issuing an advertisement (ib. 22–9 March 1660, p. 1199), denying that he was ‘one of those persons that did actually sit as judges upon the tryal,’ to which he appended a certificate to the like effect from Henry Scobell, clerk of the parliament, dated 28 March 1660. For a while he appears to have lived in retirement at his country seat at Clayberry, situated in the north-east side of Barking, near Woodford Bridge, Essex. He was, however, elected M.P. for the city of London on 19 March 1660–1, when he headed the poll (Lists of Members of Parliament, Official Return, pt. i. p. 525), and was chosen in the same year president of Christ's Hospital (Trollope, Hist. of Christ's Hospital, p. 310), to which and to Bethlehem Hospital he proved a liberal benefactor. He bequeathed to the former institution certain estates in Essex for the maintenance of eight boys, of whom two were to be of the parish of Barking and two of Woodford (Lysons, Environs, iv. 104, 286; Trollope, p. 117, note). Under this bequest Clayberry was sold by his trustees in 1693 (Lysons, iv. 85). Fowke's portrait, dated 1691, is at Christ's Hospital (Trollope, p. 344). He died of apoplexy on 22 April 1662 (Smyth, Obituary, Camden Soc., p. 55). By his wife Catherine, daughter of Richard Briggs of London, he had two sons, John and Bartholomew, and a daughter, Elizabeth.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), iii. 683; Noble's Lives of the English Regicides, i. 237–242; Rushworth's Historical Collections, pt. iv. vol. i. pp. 472, 558, 634, pt. iv. vol. ii. p. 797.]
FOWKE, PHINEAS, M.D. (1638–1710), physician, son of Walter Fowke, M.D., was born at Bishop Burton, Yorkshire, and there baptised on 7 Jan. 1639. His mother was sister of Sir John Micklethwaite [q. v.], physician to Charles II and to St. Bartholomew's Hospital. He was admitted at Queens' College, Cambridge, 21 April 1654, and graduated B.A. 1658, and on 26 March in the same year was admitted a fellow of the college. His family connections directed him to the profession of medicine, and he graduated M.D. at Cambridge 1668. He prac-
