with his regiment, and was appointed quartermaster-general of the Bombay army and a member of the military board. On the outbreak of war with Tippoo, sultan of Mysore, in 1790, Hartley received command of a detachment sent to the coast of Cochin to aid the company's ally, the Rajah of Travancore. In May Hartley received orders to invest Palghatcheri, an important fortress dominating the pass which leads through the western Ghauts into Mysore. On arriving within forty miles of the place Hartley heard that it had already surrendered. He, however, continued his march, and occupied himself partly in collecting supplies for the main army at Trichinopoly, and partly in watching any movement of Tippoo's troops to the south-west. On 10 Dec. be inflicted a crushing defeat on vastly superior forces under Hussein Ali, Tippoo's general, at Calicut. The remnant of the beaten army was pursued to Ferokhi, where it surrendered, and that fortress was occupied by the English.
In January 1791 Hartley advanced to Seringapatam, but the siege was eventually postponed, and the Bombay troops retired to Cannanore. On the renewal of the siege in December 1791 Hartley, who was acting under the immediate command of General Robert Abercromby [q. v.], again started from Cannanore to join the main army. He reached the camp on 16 Feb. 1792, and on 22 Feb. took part in defeating a sortie specially directed against Abercromby's position on the north side of the fortress. Peace was concluded on 25 Feb., and Hartley, in recognition of his local knowledge, was made commander of the forces in the south-west provinces ceded by Tippoo.
On the outbreak of war with France in 1793 Hartley held command of the expedition which captured the French settlement of Mahé in Malabar. In March 1794 he was promoted to the rank of colonel, and returned for a time to England. In May 1796 he was made a major-general, and appointed to the staff in India. He returned to Bombay in 1797. In addition to his military rank he was now made a supervisor and magistrate for the province of Malabar. In 1799 war again broke out with Tippoo, and it was determined to attack Senngapatam in strong force from east and west. The Bombay army under General Stuart, with whom Hartley was associated as second in command, mustered at Cannanore and set out across the mountains of Coorg on the nearest road for Tippoo's capital. On 5 March the advanced этак! of three sepoy battalions under Colonel Montressor at Seedaseer was assailed by a division of the Mysore army. Hartley had gone forward early in the morning to reconnoitre. He was thus the first to perceive the serious nature of the attack, and, after sending a message to General Stuart, remained himself with the beleaguered battalions. As the main body was at Seedapore, eight miles off, the advanced line was compelled for six hours to maintain itself against overwhelming numbers. At last Stuart came up with reinforcements, and Tippoo's army retreated. This victory rendered possible the investment of Seringapatam from the western side. Hartley was present at the storming of Tippoo's capital on 5 May 1799. He then returned to resume his civil duties in Malabar, but died after a very short illness on 4 Oct. 1799, at Cannanore.
[Grant-Duff's Hist. of the Mahrattas; Wilks's Hist. of Mysore; Dodwell and Milos's Alphabetical List of the Officers of the Indian Army; Philippart's East India Military Calendar; Mill's Hist. of British India.]
.
HARTLEY, JESSE (1780–1860), civil engineer, was born in 1780 in the North Riding of Yorkshire, his father being 'bridge-master' of that district. After being apprenticed to a mason he succeeded his father as bridge-master, and soon evinced a natural bent towards engineering. He was appointed dock surveyor in Liverpool in 1824. As engineer under the dock trust of that port, Hartley for the last thirty-six years of his life altered or entirely reconstructed every dock in Liverpool. Hartley was also engineer for the Bol ton and Manchester railway and canal, and consulting engineer for the Dee bridge at Chester, which Thomas Harrison (1744-1829) [q. v.] designed, and which was completed m 1833. In Liverpool Hartley was noted for his devotion to his work, and for the simplicity of his life and manners. He died at Bootlamarsh, near Liverpool, 24 Aug. 1860.
[Ann. Register, 1850; Liverpool Daily Poet, 25 Aug. 1860; Liverpool Mercury, 25 Aug. 1860; Times, 20 Aug. 1860.]
HARTLEY, THOMAS (1709?–1784), translator of Swedenborg, son of Robert Hartley, a London bookseller, was born in London about 1709. He was educated at Kendal School, and at the age of sixteen was admitted as a subsizar at St. John's College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. in 1728, M.A. in 1745. In 1737 he was curate at Chiawick, Middlesex; in 1744 he became rector of Winwick, Northamptonshire, and held the living till his death, though apparently nonresident after 1770. His early connections were with the evangelical school represented by Hervey (his neighbour in Northamptonshire) and Whitefield, but his admiration for mystical writers comes out in his 'discourse
