Mrs. Holland had since died ‘of a wolfe (10 Dec. 1635) ‘at the Black Raven in Cheapside’ (Smith, Obit. Camd. Soc. p. 11). As ‘a zealous hater and abhorrer of all superstition and Popery and prelaticall innovations in church government’ he had incurred the wrath of Laud, and had been imprisoned by order of both the high commission court and Star-chamber. He declared himself adverse to ‘all late sprung-up sectaries.’ In 1643 he served in the life-guards of Basil Feilding, earl of Denbigh, the parliamentary general, and was ‘eldest man’ of the troop, being sixty years old. Subsequently his eyesight and hearing had much decayed, he was crazy in his limbs, impotent in body, and so ‘indigent in estate’ owing to lawsuits that he had had to plead in a chancery suit in forma pauperis. The facts are attested by four persons, including William Gouge [q. v.], the puritan divine; but the facts that Holland dedicated his book about St. Paul's Cathedral to Laud in 1633, and that his imprisonment has not been corroborated, throw some doubt on the details. The title-page of his father's posthumously published ‘Regimen’ shows that Holland was still alive in 1649.
[Authorities cited; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, ii. 387; Thomas Sharp's Illustrations of the Antiquities of Coventry; Holland's Works; Holland's broadside petition, 1647 (Brit. Mus. press-mark 669, f. 11, No. 34); Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Brit. Mus. Cat. of Books before 1640.]
HOLLAND, HENRY (1746?–1806), architect, was a relative of Lancelot Brown [q. v.] (see marriages between the families in Register of St. George, Hanover Square, Harl. Soc., i. 142, 228), to whose influence he probably owed his first architectural employment. In 1763–4 he designed Claremont House, near Esher, Surrey, for Lord Clive (elevations in Richardson, New Vitruvius Britannicus, vol. i. plates 61–3; Watts, Seats, plate vi.), and about the same time made alterations to Trentham Hall, Staffordshire, for the Duke of Sutherland (plates in Ackermann, Repository of Arts, 3rd ser. 1824, iv. 1; Watts, Seats, plate xxxi.; Neale, Seats, vol. iv.; Morris, Seats, i. 59). In 1771–2 he directed the construction of Battersea Bridge, and in 1777–8 designed Brooks's Club House, No. 60 St. James's Street (opened October 1778), the front of which has since been altered. About 1780 he entirely re-erected Wenvoe Castle, Glamorganshire, in the ‘grand old castle taste’ of the period (Gent. Mag. 1785, p. 937), and in 1786 designed the vestibule and portico entrance of Featherstonhaugh House, Whitehall (the work of Payne), which was afterwards called Melbourne House, and later Dover House (plate in Malton, London and Westminster, xxvi.) In 1787 he was employed in designing the Marine Pavilion at Brighton for the Prince of Wales, afterwards George IV, which consisted mainly of additions to the original villa (views by C. Middleton, 1788; by Gardiner, engraved by Newton, 1801; Brighton New Guide, 1800, p. 15; Brayley, Palace at Brighton, plate i.; plans and elevations in Richardson, New Vitruvius Britannicus, vol. i. plates 6–7; Repton, Designs for the Pavilion at Brighton). Fresh additions were made in 1801–2 by P. F. Robinson, a pupil of Holland, and the whole was subsequently remodelled by J. Nash and W. Porden.
In 1788 Holland began his principal work, the alteration and enlargement of Carlton House, Pall Mall, as a residence for the Prince of Wales. He renewed the façade and added the Roman Corinthian portico and the open colonnade in front of the courtyard (plates in Britton and Pugin, Public Buildings, ii. 193–201 (5); Pyne, Royal Residences, iii. 11–92 (21); Papworth, Select Views, pp. 7 seq. (3); Ackermann, Repository of Arts, 1809 i. 398, 1812 vii. 29, 1822 xiv. 189). The Gothic conservatory, erected later, was the work of Thomas Hopper [q. v.] On the motion of R. B. Sheridan, Holland's account of expenses was laid before the House of Commons on 3 June 1791, when a committee of inquiry was appointed (Gent. Mag. 1791, p. 921). The house was pulled down in 1827, and the columns of the portico were removed to the National Gallery in Trafalgar Square. The stabling and riding-house, after having been used as a record office, were taken down in 1858. In 1789 Holland made some improvements at Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire (the house having been designed in 1747 by H. Flitcroft), including the conservatory (now sculpture gallery), the Canaletti room, the library, the entrance to the park from London, the Chinese dairy, tennis court, and riding-school (plates in Robinson, Vit. Brit.; view of dairy by Morris, 1803). In 1791 he designed Drury Lane Theatre for R. B. Sheridan. The house was opened on 12 March 1794. Holland had much difficulty in obtaining a settlement of his accounts with Sheridan (cf. the Builder, 1855, p. 424; plan and views of the building in Wilkinson, Londina Illustrata, vols. i. and ii.; north-west view in European Magazine, 1793, xxiv. 364; cf. in Malton, i. 48). The theatre was destroyed by fire on 24 Feb. 1809. He altered Covent Garden Theatre, which was opened on 15 Sept. 1794 and destroyed by fire on 20 Dec. 1808 (view of interior in Wilkinson, vol. i.) In
