tised in the Star-chamber, and was one of the subscribers of the information exhibited in that court on 7 May 1629 against Sir John Eliot [q. v.], Denzil Holles [q. v.], and the other members of the House of Commons who had been concerned in the tumultuous proceedings which preceded the recent dissolution. In February 1632-3 he opened the case against Prynne on his trial for the publication of ‘Histriomastix.’ He died in or before 1635. Hudson married twice. His second wife, whom he married at Islington by license dated 3 April 1613, was Anne, widow of William Stodderd of St. Michael-le Querne, London, skinner. He left in manuscript a learned and lucid ‘Treatise of the Court of Star Chamber,’ a copy of which was given by his son Christopher to Lord-keeper Finch, passed into the Harleian collection (Harl. MS.1226), and was printed by Hargrave in ‘Collectanea Juridica,’ London, 1792, 8vo.
[Douthwaite's Gray's Inn, p.68; Cases in the Court of Star Chamber (Camd. Soc.); Cobbett's State Trials, iii. 311, 562; Chester's London Marriage Licenses; Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1628-9, p. 540.]
HUDSON, WILLIAM (1730?–1793), botanist, was born at the White Lion Inn, Kendal, which was kept by his father, between 1730 and 1732. He was educated at Kendal grammar school, and apprenticed to a London apothecary. He obtained the prize for botany given by the Apothecaries' Company, a copy of Ray's ‘Synopsis,’ which is now in the British Museum; but he also paid attention to mollusca and insects. In Pennant's ‘British Zoology’ he is mentioned as the discoverer of Trochus terrestris. From 1757 to 1758 Hudson was resident sub-librarian of the British Museum, and his studies in the Sloane herbarium enabled him to adapt the Linnæan nomenclature to the plants described by Ray far more accurately than did Sir John Hill [q.v.] in his ‘Flora Britannica’ of 1760. In 1761 Hudson was elected a fellow of the Royal Society, and in the following year appeared the first edition of his ‘Flora Anglica,’ which, according to Pulteney and Sir J. E. Smith, ‘marks the establishment of Linnæan principles of botany in England.’ Smith writes that the work was ‘composed under the auspices and advice of’ Benjamin Stillingfleet. Hudson, at the time of its publication, was practising as an apothecary in Panton Street, Haymarket, and from 1765 to 1771 acted as ‘præfectus horti’ to the Apothecaries' Company at Chelsea. A considerably enlarged edition of the 'Flora' appeared in 1778; but in 1783 the author's house in Panton Street took fire, his collections of insects and many of his plants were destroyed, and the inmates narrowly escaped with their lives. Hudson retired to Jermyn Street. In 1791 he joined the newly established Linnean Society. He died in Jermyn Street from paralysis on 23 May 1793, being, according to the 'Gentleman's Magazine,' in his sixtieth year. He bequeathed the remains of his herbarium to the Apothecaries' Company. Linnæus gave the name Hudsonia to a North American genus of Cistaceæ. A portrait of Hudson was engraved.
[Rees's Cyclopædia, article by Sir J. E. Smith; Cornelius Nicholson's Annals of Kendal, p.345; Gent. Mag. 1793, i. 485; Field and Semple's Memoirs of the Botanic Garden at Chelsea, p.88; Trimen and Dyer's Flora of Middlesex, p. 392; Pulteney's Sketches of the Progress of Botany, ii. 351; Bromley's Cat. of Portraits.]
HUEFFER, FRANCIS (more correctly Franz Hüffer) (1845–1889), musical critic, was born on 22 May 1845 at Münster, where his father held various municipal offices. After attending the lyceum and academy of his native place, he studied philology at Leipzig in 1866, and at Berlin from 1867 to 1869. He took the degree of Ph.D. at the university of Göttingen in July 1869, when his dissertation on the troubadour; Guillem de Cabestanh, attracted favourable notice. It was subsequently published at Berlin (1869). While at Berlin he found time to devote much attention to music, for which he had a natural predilection, and joined the then very limited number of ardent admirers of Wagner. In 1869 he came to London, and soon engaged in literary work. His first essays appeared in the ‘North British Review,’ the ‘Fortnightly Review,’ and the ‘Academy.’ He became assistant editor of the last about 1871, and in that year his appreciative critique in the ‘Academy’ of Swinburne's ‘Songs before Sunrise’ attracted much attention. In 1874 the publication of his remarkable book, ‘Richard Wagner and the Music of the Future’ (reprinted from the ‘Fortnightly Review’), placed him in a foremost place among musicians of advanced views. Some five years later he succeeded Mr. O. J. F. Crawfurd as editor of the ‘New Quarterly Magazine,’ to which he had been a frequent contributor. About the same time his connection with the ‘Times’ began, and in the autumn of 1879 he succeeded J. W. Davison [q.v.] as musical critic to that journal. In 1878 appeared his learned treatise on Provençal literature, entitled ‘The Troubadours; a History of Provençal Life and Literature in the Middle Ages,’ which led to his election to the ‘Felibrige’ society, and
