relax his interest in native questions, and did his utmost to prevent the Maori war of 1861. His pamphlet in that year on 'the Taranaki Question' was admitted by his chief opponents to be 'the fullest and calmest exposition of the views of the friends of the Maoris.' Later he protested against the Native Settlement Acts of 1865, and issued his 'Notes on the best Method of working the Native Lands Acts.' In 1871 he helped Sir Donald Maclean [q. v.] to draft his Native Lands Bill. Having returned to England, he died at Torquay on 8 Nov. 1880. He married in 1841 Mary, daughter of the Rev. W. Parker, prebendary of St. Paul's.
Martin was admitted even by Herman Merivale, then under-secretary of state, to be 'a very remarkable man.' As a judge he was 'patient, just, sagacious, and firm,' and the governor, on his retirement in 1857, spoke in eulogistic terms of his great influence over both Europeans and natives.
Martin was an able linguist, well versed in Hebrew and Arabic and the Melanesian and Polynesian dialects, and in 1876-8 published in two vols. 'Inquiries concerning the Structure of the Semitic Languages,'
[Official records; Mennell's Dict. Austr. Biog.; Rusden's Hist. of New Zealand; Gisborne's Statesmen and Public Men of New Zealand.]
MARTIN, WILLIAM CHARLES LINNÆUS (1798–1864), writer on natural history, born in 1798, was the son of William Martin [q. v.] the naturalist. From October 1830 to 1838 he was superintendent of the museum of the Zoological Society of London. He died at Lee, Kent, 15 Feb. 1804. His earliest works were: 'A Natural History of Quadrupeds,' of which only 544 pp. were issued, 8vo, London' [1840], ' The History of the Dog,' and 'The History of the Horse,' published in 1845 (12mo, London). These were followed, between 1847 and 1858, by a series of works on poultry, cattle, pigs, and sheep, which appeared either separately or as volumes in the 'Farmer's Library,' 'Books for the Country,' and 'The Country House,' Besides these he wrote the following ornithological works:
- 'An Introduction to the Study of Birds … with a particular Notice of the Birds mentioned in Scripture,' 8vo, London, n. d.
- ' A General History of Humming-Birds … with … reference to the Collection of J. Gould,' 8vo, London, 1852.
He also edited a fourth edition of Mudie's 'Feathered Tribes of the British Islands' for Bonn's 'Illustrated Library,' and, in conjunction with F. T. Buckland and others, contributed papers to 'Birds and Bird-Life,' 8vo, 1863. Forty-five papers read by Martin before the Zoological Society appeared in their 'Proceedings.'
[Gent. Mug. 1864, i. 536; information kindly supplied by Dr. P. L. Sclater, F.R.S., sec Zool. Soc.; Allibone's Biog. Dict.]
MARTINDALE, ADAM (1623–1686), presbyterian divine, fourth son of Henry Martindale, was born at High Heyes, in the parish of Prescot, Lancashire, about 16 Sept. 1623 (baptised on 21 Sept.) His father, originally a substantial yeoman and builder, was reduced in circumstances by becoming surety for a friend. Martindale was educated (1630-7) at the grammar schools of St. Helens and Rainford, was put for a short time to his father's business, and then sent back to school (1638-9) in preparation for Oxford. The troubles of the times hindered his going to the university; he became tutor in the family of Francis Shevington at Eccles, and 'would almost as soone have led beares.' Returning home at Christmas 1641, he found his father s business 'quite dead,' owingto the general sense of insecurity. Apprehensive of a summons to 'generall musters,' he obtained employment as schoolmaster at Upholland, and later at Rainford. A summons to a muster he did not obey, being 'a piece of a clergy-man,' but became in 1642 private secretary to Colonel Moore, M.P. for Liver' pool, and head of the parliamentary garrison there, whose household he described as 'an hell upon earth.' He preferred an army clerkship, and rose to be deputy quartermaster, with exemption from military service. He took the 'league and covenant' in 1643. On the surrender of Liverpool to Prince Rupert (26 June 1644), he was imprisoned for nine weeks. In August he obtained the mastership of a newly founded grammar school at Over Whitley, Cheshire. The schoolhouse, endowed with 8l. a year, was built in 164o, and bore his name inscribed over the door. He resumed his preparation for the university, studying Hebrew, logic, and theology. In the dearth of ministers he was urged to enter the pulpit; he preached first at Middleton, Lancashire, and was offered the post of assistant to the rector, but declined it. He was approved as a preacher by the Manchester committee of ministers appointed in 1644.
His first charge was at Gorton Chapel in the parish of Manchester, on which he entered in April 1646, a few months before the establishment (2 Oct.) of parliamentary presbyterianism in Lancashire. He resided at Openshaw. Martindale was not jure divine presbyterian, and at Gorton there were several congregationalists whom he was anxious to
