[Mrs. Everett Green's Lives of the Princesses of England, vi. 100–334; Gardiner's Hist. of England; Geddes's Administration of John de Witt, i. 85–100; Lefèvre Pontalis's John de Witt (transl. by Stephenson); Sandford's Genealogical Hist. of the Kings of England, p. 572; Nicholas Papers (Camd. Soc.); Granger's Biog. Hist. of England (2nd edition); Cat. of Stuart Exhibition, 1889; Cat. of First Special Exhibition of National Portraits, 1866; Evans's Cat. of Engraved Portraits; Law's Cat. of Pictures at Hampton Court Palace, p. 252; Aa's Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden, xii. 234–235.]
MARY (1723–1772), princess of Hesse, fourth daughter of George II by Queen Caroline, born at Leicester House on 22 Feb. 1722-3, was married to Frederic, hereditary prince, afterwards landgrave, of Hesse Cassel, by proxy, the Duke of Cumberland representing the prince, in the Chapel Royal St. James s, on 8 May 1740, and afterwards to the prince in person at Cassel, apparently at the end of June. Bielfeld, who saw her at a fancy dress ball at Herrenhausen in the following October, describes her as tall, and handsome enough for a painter's model (faite à peindre). Horace Walpole characterises her as 'the mildest and gentlest of her race, and her husband as a boor and a brute, who treated her 'with great inhumanity,' In 1754 she was separated from him in consequence of his conversion to the Roman catholic faith, and thenceforth resided ordinarily with her children at Hanau. On the invasion of Hesse Cassel by the French in 1757 she fled with her father-in-law, the Landgrave William VIII, to Hamburg, where they were at first in such straits that Pitt anticipated the meeting of parliament by a remittance of 20,000l. to provide for their immediate personal expenses. In the following year a life annuity of 5,000l. was settled on the princess. On the death of her father-in-law, at Rinteln, 1 Feb. 1760, she became regent of Hanau, which she ably administered. She died at Hanau on 14 Jan. 1772, and was buried in the protestant church, now the Marienkirche, on 1 Feb. The news of her death reached London on 25 Jan., and eclipsed the gaiety of the town, not a few ladies of fashion staying away from the opening of the Pantheon on the 27th for want of mourning. She left the bulk of her property to her two younger sons, Charles and Frederic, who also succeeded to her pension and lived to immense ages. Her eldest son, William, succeeded his father as landgrave in 1785.
The princess figures in a group of George II's children belonging to the Duke of Devonshire.
[London Gazette, May 1740; Gent. Mag. 1754 p. 527, 1755 p. 330, 1757 p. 374, 1760 p. 102, 1772 p. 44; Grenville Papers, i. 206; Chatham Corresp. i. 244; Bedford Corresp. ed. Russell, ii. 337; Liber Hibern. pt. vii. 86; Hoffmeister's Historisch-genealogisches Handbuch; Röth's Geschichte von Hessen-Cassel, 335 et seq.; Vehse's Geschichte der Höfe der Haüser Baiern, Würtemberg, Baden und Hessen, v. 184–6, 217–21; Bielfeld's Lettres Familières, 1763, pp. 209–10; Horace Walpole's Letters, ed. Cunningham, ii. 49; Journal of the Reign of George III, ed. Doran, i. 2; Ann. Reg. 1772, p. 68: Almanach de Gotha, 1772; art. George II.]
MARY, Princess, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh (1770-1857). [See under William Frederick, second Duke of Gloucester, 1776–1834.]
MARY of Buttermere (fl. 1802). [See
under Hatfield, John.]
MARYBOROUGH, Viscount (d. 1632). [See Molyneux, Richard.]
MASCALL, EDWARD JAMES (d. 1832), collector of customs, entered the civil service probably in 1779. He was appointed examiner of the outport quarter books on 12 Jan. 1813, and collector of customs for the port of London, at a salary of 1,500l. per annum, on 9 Oct. 1816. His books on the customs, which were sanctioned by the commissioners, did much to extend among merchants a knowledge of the numerous changes made between 1784 and 1817. He died at Yately Cottage, Hampshire, on 6 March 1832, after an illness of six weeks. Mascall married, on 19 Sept. 1793, at Croydon. Juliana Anne, eldest daughter of Robert Dalzell of Tidmarsh, Berkshire. She died on 24 July 1823.
Mascall published: 1. 'The Consolidation of the Customs and other Duties,' London, 1787, 8vo. 2. 'A Practical Book of Customs,' London, 1799, 4to; 2nd edit. 1801, 8vo. 3. 'A Digest of the Duties of Customs and Excise,' &c, London, 1812, 8vo; &c.
[Gent. Mag. 1793 pt. ii. p. 956, 1823 pt. ii. p. 188, 1832 pt. i. p. 379; Monthly Review, 1799 xxx. 469, 1801 xxxvi. 429; Civil and Military Establishments: Parl. Returns, 1822 (No. 328), xviii. 46.]
MASCALL, LEONARD (d. 1589), author and translator, was a member of an old family settled at Piumstead, Sussex, and became clerk of the kitchen in the household of Matthew Parker, archbishop of Canterbury. It has been erroneously stated that he was the first person who brought
