shire, and in 1848 of Comberton, Cambridgeshire, but subsequently refused at least one living from conscientious motives. About 1860 he took up his residence at Turnham Green, London, spending much of his time in the botanical department and reading-room of the British Museum. He afterwards lived for some years in Albany Street, Regent's Park, and, after taking temporary duty at Honington, Warwickshire, during a vacancy, he, in 1879, moved to Kew Green. Here, during the last seven years of his life, he constantly took part in the services at Kew and Petersham churches. He died at Kew, 16 April 1886, and was buried in Fulham cemetery. Newbould married a niece of the Rev. James Fendall, rector of Comberton, who survived him.
Newbould was a fellow of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh in 1841, an original member of the Ray Society in 1844, and a fellow of the Linnean Society in 1863. His interest in botany, begun at his first school and fostered by the lectures of John Bohler [q. v.] at Sheffield, was intensified by the lectures of Professor J. S. Henslow [q. v.], and the friendship of Mr. (now Professor) C. C. Babington, and Mr. Frederick Townsend at Cambridge. In 1842 he visited Jersey, in 1845 Scotland, in 1848 Wales, in 1852 the north, and in 1858 the south of Ireland, the last four excursions being made in company with Professor Babington; and in 1862 they joined M. Jacques Gay in North Wales. He also made several botanical excursions to the north of England. Though his knowledge of British botany was almost unrivalled, he can hardly be said to have published anything in his own name. The title-page of the fifth volume of the ‘Supplement to English Botany’ (1863) bears his name; but he always disclaimed all responsibility for it. He also signs, with Mr. J. G. Baker, the introduction to the second edition of his friend Hewett Cottrell Watson's ‘Topographical Botany’ (1883), upon which he bestowed much labour. His acute discrimination added five or six species to our knowledge of the British flora; but all his attainments were employed in helping other scientific workers rather than in making a reputation for himself. Professor Babington's ‘Flora of Cambridgeshire’ (1860), Mr. G. S. Gibson's ‘Flora of Essex’ (1862), Mr. Syme's ‘English Botany’ (1863–72), Messrs. Moore and More's ‘Cybele Hibernica’ (1866), Messrs. Trimen and Dyer's ‘Flora of Middlesex’ (1869), Messrs. Davis and Lees's ‘West Yorkshire Flora’ (1878), Mr. Townsend's ‘Flora of Hampshire’ (1882), Mr. Pryor's ‘Flora of Hertfordshire’ (1887), and Mr. Bagnall's ‘Flora of Warwickshire’ (1891) were all materially assisted by his painstaking labours in examining herbaria, transcribing extracts from the early botanical writers, and revising proofs. His name is commemorated by a beautiful genus of Bignoniaceæ, Newbouldia, dedicated in 1863 by Dr. Seemann to ‘one of the most painstaking of British botanists.’ His herbarium is largely incorporated in that of Dr. Trimen in the British Museum, and most of his manuscript notebooks are preserved in the botanical department. In addition to botany, Newbould was much interested in phrenology (the great phrenologist Spurzheim having, as he was pleased to relate, nursed him, as a boy, on his knee) and in spiritualism. A total abstainer and almost a vegetarian, he exhibited practical sympathy with the wants of others, especially the poor.
[Journal of Botany, 1886, pp. 159–74, with portrait.]
NEWBURGH, NEUBOURG, or BEAUMONT, HENRY de, Earl of Warwick (d. 1123), called after his lordship Neubourg, near Beaumont-le-Roger, Normandy, younger son of Roger de Beaumont and Adeline, daughter of Waleran, count of Meulan, is spoken of by Wace as a brave knight in 1066 (Roman de Rou, l. 11139, ed. Pluquet, ii. 127). His name is included in some Battle Abbey Rolls (Leland, Holinshed, and the Dives Roll, drawn up 1866), but his presence at Hastings seems a matter of inference, and the prowess of his elder brother Robert [see Beaumont, Robert de, d. 1118, count of Meulan] is mentioned without any notice of him (William of Poitiers, pp. 134, 155, ed. Giles; Orderic, p. 501). When the Conqueror built the castle at Warwick in 1068 he gave it into the keeping of Henry (ib. p. 511), who, however, probably lived in Normandy during the greater part of the reign; for his name does not appear in Domesday, and he was in 1080 a baron of the Norman exchequer (Floquet). In that year he, in common with his father and brother, persuaded the Conqueror to be reconciled to his son Robert at Rouen (Orderic, p. 572). He was made Earl of Warwick by William II, probably early in his reign, and received from the king the lands of a rich English noble, Thurkill of Arden; for as Thurkill's successor he claimed certain lands in Warwickshire that Thurkill had given to the abbey of Abingdon. The abbot, to secure his goodwill and obtain a confirmation of the grant, offered him a mark of gold, which he accepted, and confirmed the grant (Historia de Abingdon, ii. 8, 20, 21).
