he commenced in 1863 the annual ‘Commercial History of the Year.’
[Report from the Select Committee on the Bank Acts, 1857, pt. i.; Economist, 25 March 1882; Statist, 25 March 1882; Journ. Iron and Steel Institute, 1882, p. 649; Proc. Royal Soc. vol. xxxiv. p. xvii; Times, 24 March 1882, p. 10; Athenæum, 1882, p. 415; Guardian, xxxvii. 440; Journ. Statistical Society, 1882, pp. 115–19, 209, 284, 333, 389, 397, 519–21.]
NEWMARKET, ADAM de (fl. 1220), justiciar, was son of Robert de Newmarket, and a member of a Yorkshire family. The first English baron of the name is Bernard of Neufmarché or Newmarch [see Bernard, fl. 1093], who settled in Herefordshire soon after the Conquest, and left no recognised male off-spring. An Adam de Newmarket occurs as a benefactor of Nostel priory in the reign of Henry I, and a William de Newmarket under Henry II and Richard I. Their relationship to the justiciar seems obscure.
Adam de Newmarket served with John in Ireland in 1210. As a northern lord he was perhaps an adherent of the baronial party, and in 1213 fell under suspicion, and was imprisoned at Corfe Castle. He had to give his sons, John and Adam, as hostages, but on 18 Oct. 1213 they were released and delivered to their father (Cal. Rot. Pat. p. 105). In 1215 Newmarket was one of the justiciars appointed to hold an assize of Mort d'Ancestor in Yorkshire (Cal. Rot. Claus. i. 203). He was justice itinerant for Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, and Derbyshire in 1219–20. A letter from him and his colleagues on the case of William, earl of Albemarle, is printed in Shirley's ‘Royal and Historical Letters’ (i. 20). Newmarket was again justice itinerant for Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire in 1225; for these counties and for Cambridge, Huntingdon, Essex, and Hertford in 1232; and for Yorkshire and Northumberland in 1234. He was employed in the collection of the fifteenth in Yorkshire in 1226. The date of his death is uncertain, but it was previous to 1247, for in that year his grandson, Adam, son of John de Newmarket, did livery for his lands (Excerpt. e Rot. Finium, ii. 19). The elder Adam de Newmarket had a brother Roger (Cal. Rot. Claus. i. 278).
Adam de Newmarket (fl. 1265), baronial leader, the grandson of the above, must have been born in or before 1226. He was summoned for the Scottish war in 1256, and for the Welsh war in 1257. He sided with the baronial party, and in December 1263 was one of their representatives at Amiens (cf. letters, ap. Rishanger, pp. 121, 122, Camden Soc.) Newmarket was taken prisoner by the king at Northampton on 5 April 1264, and his lands seized. After the battle of Lewes he no doubt regained his freedom and lands, and in June was appointed warden of Lincoln Castle. Newmarket was summoned by the barons to parliament in December 1264. When war broke out again in 1265 he was serving with the younger Simon de Montfort, and was taken prisoner by Edward, the king's son, at Kenilworth, on 2 Aug. He made his peace with the king, under the ‘Dictum de Kenilworth,’ in 1266. Newmarket married a daughter of Roger de Mowbray. Neither his son Henry nor his grandson, Roger de Newmarket, was summoned to parliament. Thomas Wentworth, earl of Strafford, was a descendant.
[Annales Monastici; Dugdale's Baronage, i. 435; Burke's Dormant and Extinct Peerage, p. 401; Nicolas's Historic Peerage, ed. Courthope; Foss's Judges of England, ii. 431.]
NEWNHAM, WILLIAM (1790–1865), medical and religious writer, was born 1 Nov. 1790 at Farnham in Surrey, where his father was a general medical practitioner. He is believed to have been educated at the Farnham grammar school, and, having chosen to follow his father's profession, he pursued his medical studies at Guy's Hospital, and also in Paris. He was a favourite pupil of Sir Astley Cooper, and settled as a general practitioner at Farnham, where he remained for nearly forty-five years. He was one of the early members of the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association (now called the British Medical Association), which he joined in 1836. He was also one of the founders of its benevolent fund, of which he was a trustee, and also honorary secretary, treasurer, and general manager. His accession to office in 1847 was marked by a notable increase of donations and subscriptions to the fund, so that ‘to Mr. Newnham in the first place, and to Mr. Joseph Toynbee [q. v.], who became treasurer on his resignation of this office in 1855, the establishment of the fund on a firm footing is perhaps chiefly due; the fund, indeed, came to be known for a time by the name first of one and then of the other.’ On the occasion of his resignation a portrait of him, by J. Andrews, was presented to Mrs. Newnham by numerous subscribers to the fund. The inscription is dated May 1857. In the previous year Newnham had been forced by failing health to relinquish his practice. Removed to Tunbridge Wells, he died there of chronic disease of the brain on 24 Oct. 1865.
He married early, and lost his first wife on
