the last eight years of his life supported by Tom Payne, though they were not related. He was introduced into Beloe's ‘Sexagenarian’ (vol. i. ch. xxxii.) by name, and again into the second volume (ch. xlii.) as the honest bookseller. A print of a portrait of him is in Dibdin's ‘Bibliographical Decameron’ (iii. 435); a second portrait represents him at whist, with the cards in his hands (Courtney, English Whist, pp. 251–2).
[Baker's Northamptonshire, i. 586; Cunningham's London, ed. Wheatley, ii. 532; Lysons's Environs, Suppl. 1811, p. 143; Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. vi. 131–2, 5th ser. vii. 112; Gent. Mag. 1799 pt. i. pp. 171–2, 236, 1831 pt. i. pp. 275–6; Dibdin's Bibl. Decameron, iii. 435–7; Nichols's Illustr. of Lit. History, v. 428, 435; Early Diary of Frances Burney, vol. i. p. lxxiii, vol. ii. pp. 130–1; Austin Dobson's Eighteenth-Century Vignettes, 2nd ser. pp. 192–203.]
PAYNE, THOMAS, the younger (1752–1831), bookseller, eldest son of Thomas Payne (1719–1799) [q. v.], by his wife Elizabeth Taylor, was born on 10 Oct. 1752. He was educated at the classical school of M. Metayer in Charterhouse Square, London, and was trained in modern and dead languages for the further development of the family business. After he had been for more than twenty years a partner with his father, the latter retired in 1790 in favour of his son. In 1806 he transferred the business to more commodious premises in part of Schomberg House, on the south side of Pall Mall, which also became a literary centre. He took into partnership in 1813 his apprentice and connection, Henry Foss, when Charles Lamb playfully designated the new firm as ‘Pain & Fuss.’ In 1817 he was the master of the Stationers' Company, but a few years later his health began to decline, and he could no longer travel on the continent in quest of books. About 1825 he was succeeded in business by his nephew John Payne, who continued the establishment, in partnership with Foss, until 1850. Thomas Payne was seized by apoplexy on 8 March 1831, and died at Pall Mall on 15 March. He was buried in St. Martin's-in-the-Fields on 24 March.
Payne, at the time of his death, was the father of the London booksellers. He possessed a vast store of literary anecdote. Among the collections which he sold were the libraries of Dean Lloyd and Rev. Henry Homer, and that of M. de Lamoignon, keeper of the seals of France. An account of the sale of the Borromeo collection of novels and romances, which Payne and Foss had purchased, and the details of their acquisitions at the Larcher, MacCarthy, and subsequent sales are given in Dibdin's ‘Bibliographical Decameron’ (iii. 149, 161–80, cf. ii. 172).
John Payne, after the cessation of the business in 1850, withdrew to Rome. He and his wife, Sarah Burney, received much foreign company, and were especially friendly with Cardinal Antonelli.
[Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, viii. 504; Gent. Mag. 1831, pt. i. p. 276; Early Diary of Frances Burney, ii. 130–1.]
PAYNE, WILLIAM, D.D. (1650–1696), controversialist, was born at Hutton, Essex, in 1650. He was educated at the free school of Brentwood, Essex, and proceeded to Magdalene College, Cambridge, in May 1665. He obtained a fellowship there on 6 July 1671, and retained it till 1675, when he married Elisabeth, daughter of John Squire, vicar of St. Leonard's, Shoreditch, London. He was in the same year presented to the livings of Frinstead and Wormshill in Kent, and settled at the latter place. In June 1681 he received the rectory of Whitechapel, and speedily won a reputation among the London clergy as a preacher. On 29 June 1682 he was chosen to preach before the first annual feast instituted at Brentwood school. He took an active part in the agitation aroused by the ‘popish plot,’ in the course of which he wrote many anti-catholic tracts. Of these the best known are: ‘A Discourse of the Adoration of the Host’ (1685); ‘A Discourse of the Communion in one Kind, in answer to a Treatise of the Bishop of Meaux’ (1687); ‘The Sixth Note of the Church examined, viz. Agreement in Doctrine with the Primitive Church’ (1688); and ‘The Texts examined which the Papists cite out of the Bible concerning the Celibacy of Priests and Vows of Continence’ (1688). All these tracts went through several editions, and were collected in Edmund Gibson's ‘Preservative against Popery’ (1738).
After the accession of William and Mary to the throne in 1689, Payne, who in this year took the degree of D.D. at Cambridge, was appointed to the lectureship of the Poultry Church in the city of London, and received the post of chaplain-in-ordinary to their majesties. He strongly supported the comprehension scheme, brought forward in 1689 for facilitating the inclusion of protestant dissenters in the established church. The proposal was opposed, among others, by Thomas Long [q. v.], whose pamphlet on the subject, entitled ‘Vox Cleri,’ was answered by Payne in an ‘Answer to Vox Cleri’ (1690). Being subsequently
