1634. His wife Catherine, eldest daughter of Thomas, lord Wotton, is noticed separately [see Kirkhoven, Catherine]; by her he left a son Philip, second earl of Chesterfield [q. v.]
Ferdinando, the fourth son, member for Tamworth in 1640, major and subsequently colonel of horse in the king's army, was killed at Bridgford, Nottinghamshire, in 1644 (Foster, Alumni Oxonienses, i. 1408; Wood, Fasti, ii. 42; Life of Colonel Hutchinson, ii. 57, 87).
Philip, the fifth son, who matriculated at Exeter College, Oxford, on 6 Dec. 1637, was killed at the storming of Shelford House, of which garrison he was commander, on 27 Oct. 1645 (ib. ii. 81, 376). Arthur, the youngest son of the first marriage, represented the county of Nottingham in the Convention parliament and in the first parliament of Charles II. From him Philip, fifth earl of Chesterfield, is descended [see under Stanhope, Philip Dormer, fourth Earl].
By his second wife, Anne, daughter of Sir John Pakington of Westwood, Worcestershire, and widow of Sir Humphrey Ferrars of Tamworth Castle, Warwickshire, Chesterfield had one son, Alexander, father of James, first earl Stanhope [q. v.]
The poems of Sir Aston Cokain, who was son of Chesterfield's sister, Anne Stanhope, contain a masque acted at Bretby in 1639, and verses on Ferdinando Stanhope and other members of the family (ed. 1662, pp. 118, 137, 187, 116*, 144*).
[Doyle's Official Baronage ; Collins's Peerage, ed. Brydges; G. E. C[okayne]'s Complete Peerage.]
STANHOPE, PHILIP, second Earl of Chesterfield (1633–1713), born in 1633, was the grandson of Philip, first earl of Chesterfield [q. v.], and son of Sir Henry Stanhope, by Catherine, eldest daughter of Thomas, lord Wotton [see Kirkhoven, Catherine]. His father died before he was two years old. At the age of seven he accompanied his mother to Holland, where he was educated under the tuition of Poliander, professor of divinity at the university
of Leyden (whose son married his mother),
spent a year at the Prince of Orange's
college at Breda, and completed his education at the court of the Princess of Orange and at Paris (Memoirs prefixed to the Letters of Philip, second Earl of Chesterfield, 1835). In 1650 he travelled through Italy, and spent nine months at Rome (ib. p. 10; Bargrave, Alexander VI and his Cardinals, ii. 124). About 1652 Stanhope returned to England, married Anne Percy, eldest daughter of the tenth Earl of Northumberland, and lived for some time in retirement at Petworth. On his wife's death in 1654 he left England again, and paid a second visit to Rome, returning to England about 1656. The Protector, according to Chesterfield's account, offered him a command in the army, and the hand of one of his daughters, both of which he declined. A second proposed match between Chesterfield and the daughter of Lord Fairfax was broken off after they 'had been thrice asked in St. Martin's Church' (Letters, p. 19; cf. Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1656-7, p. 349). By this time he had become notorious for drinking, gaming, and 'exceeding wildness,' and was engaged in love affairs with Barbara Villiers (afterwards Duchess of Cleveland) [q. v.] and Lady Elizabeth Howard, who subsequently married Dryden (Letters, pp. 86,95,97).
In February 1658 he was arrested for an intended duel with Lord St. John, and on 8 June the Protector committed him to the Tower for dangerously wounding Captain John Whalley in a duel (ib. p. 84; Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1657-8 p. 290, 1658-9 pp. 52, 62). At the same time he dabbled in the royalist plots against the government, and was again committed to the Tower in September 1659 on suspicion of a share in Sir George Booth's rising, but released on giving security for 10,000l. (ib. 1659-60, pp. 164, 240; Cal. of Compounders, p. 1265). On 17 Jan. 1660 he killed a Mr. Woolly in a duel at Kensington, fled to France, obtained a pardon from Charles II, and returned in his train to England (Pepys, Diary, ed. Wheatley, i. 21; Chesterfield, Letters, p. 110).
From 24 Feb. 1662 to July 1665 Chesterfield held the post of chamberlain to Catherine of Braganza, and he was after his resignation a member of her council (Doyle). In 1660 he married Lady Elizabeth Butler, eldest daughter of James Butler, twelfth earl and first duke of Ormonde [q. v.] His neglect of his wife did not prevent him from being jealous, and in January 1663 he packed her off to Derbyshire, in order to put an end to the unwelcome attentions of the Duke of York (Pepys, 19 Jan. 1663). Another of her admirers was her cousin, James Hamilton, the history of whose amour with her is detailed in the 'Memoirs' of Grammont (ed. 1853, pp. 144, 158, 173-200). The countess died in July 1665 (Chesterfield, Letters, pp. 26, 131). On 13 June 1667 Chesterfield was appointed colonel of a foot regiment, but it was disbanded on the conclusion of peace with Holland (Dalton, Army Lists, i. 79;
