had an interview with Charles II on the 17th (Gardiner, Commonwealth, i. 434). He then proceeded to Warrington, where his endeavour to enlist presbyterian support failed through his refusal to take the covenant (ib. pp. 435–6). On the 25th he was routed by Robert Lilburne [q. v.] at Wigan (Cary, Memorials, ii. 338; Lilburne, Two Letters … containing particulars of the totall rout and overthrow of the Earl of Derby, 1651, 4to). He had two horses shot under him and was severely wounded, but he escaped and joined Charles at Worcester on 2 Sept. After the battle (3 Sept.) he conducted Charles to Boscobel, but then proceeding northward alone he was captured near Nantwich, being given quarter by Captain Oliver Edge. He was arraigned on 29 Sept. at Chester before a court-martial, commissioned by Cromwell on the authority of an act of parliament passed in the previous August, declaring all who corresponded with Charles guilty of high treason. Colonel Humphry Mackworth presided. Derby pleaded the quarter granted him, but it was overruled on the ground that he was not a prisoner of war but a traitor, and he was condemned to death (The Perfect Tryall and Confession of the Earl of Derby, 1651). His petition to parliament, which was strongly supported by Cromwell (Gardiner, Commonwealth, i. 462), and his open recommendation to the countess to surrender Man, proved of no avail. He then attempted to escape from Chester Castle, but was recaptured on Dee bank. On 13 Oct. he was removed to Bolton, where he was executed on the 15th. ‘Among the sufferers for King Charles the First none cast greater lustre on the cause’ (Walpole, Royal and Noble Authors, iii. 37). He was buried in Ormskirk church, and became known as the ‘martyr Earl of Derby.’
Two portraits of Derby, painted by Vandyck, belong to the present Earl of Derby (Cat. First Loan Exhib. 1866, Nos. 689, 691). A copy of the first, painted while he was Lord Strange, was presented in 1860 to the National Portrait Gallery, London, by the fourteenth Earl of Derby. They were engraved by Loggan and Vertue, and copies are given in Walpole's ‘Royal and Noble Authors’ (iii. 37) and in the ‘Stanley Papers’ (Chetham Soc.) (Bromley, Cat. Engr. Portraits).
By his wife, Charlotte, Derby had issue five sons and four daughters (Stanley Papers, vol. ii. pp. cclxxxviii–ccxcii). Charles, the eldest, born 19 Jan. 1627–8, took part in Sir George Booth's abortive rising in 1658, and was restored as eighth Earl of Derby on the reversal of his father's attainder at the Restoration. He was author of ‘The Protestant Religion is a sure Foundation of a True Christian,’ 1668, 4to (2nd ed. 1671), and ‘Truth Triumphant,’ 1669, 4to. He died in December 1672, and was buried at Ormskirk, being succeeded as ninth and tenth earls by his sons, William George Richard (1658?–1702) and James (d. 1736). On the death of the latter, in 1736, the earldom passed to a distant cousin, Edward Stanley (1689–1776), whose great-grandson was Edward Smith Stanley, thirteenth earl of Derby [q. v.] At the same time the sovereignty of the Isle of Man and the barony of Strange passed to James Murray, second duke of Atholl [q. v.], whose grandfather, John Murray, second earl and first marquis of Atholl [q. v.], had married the seventh Earl of Derby's third daughter, Amelia Anna Sophia.
The seventh earl was author of several works extant in manuscript at Knowsley, comprising three books of devotions, printed in ‘Stanley Papers’ (Chetham Soc.), pt. iii. vol. iii.; ‘A Discourse concerning the Government of the Isle of Man,’ printed in Peck's ‘Desiderata Curiosa,’ 1732, vol. ii., in the ‘Stanley Papers,’ pt. iii. vol. iii., and by the Manx Society, vol. iii. 1859; a book of observations, a commonplace book, a book of prayers, and a volume of historical collections (Stanley Papers, pt. iii. vol. ii. pp. cccvii–cccxi). Some of his correspondence is among the Tanner MSS. in the Bodleian Library.
[The elaborate memoir of Derby prefixed by Francis Robert Raines [q. v.] to his edition of Derby's Devotions (Chetham Soc.) is based on the earl's manuscripts, but is biassed and glosses over his defeats and military incompetence; other memoirs of him are contained in Seacome's House of Stanley; The Earl of Derby and his Family, 1843; Cummings's The Great Stanley, 1847, and in the Lives of his wife [see art. Stanley, Charlotte, Countess of Derby]. See also the numerous tracts catalogued under his name in the Brit. Mus. Cat., and those printed in Ormerod's Civil War Tracts in Lancashire (Chetham Soc. vol. ii.); The First Blood drawn in the Civil War, Manchester, 1878; Cal. State Papers, Dom.; Clarendon State Papers; Journals of the Lords and Commons; Whitelocke's Memorials; Nalson's, Rushworth's, and Thurloe's Collections; Cobbett's State Trials, v. 293–324; Dugdale's Baronage, Collins's, Doyle's, and G. E. C[okayne]'s Peerages; Clarendon's Great Rebellion, ed. Matray; Heath's Royal Martyrs; Lloyd's Loyalist; Walpole's Royal and Noble Authors; Warburton's Prince Rupert, i. 299 et passim; Lady Theresa Lewis's Friends of Clarendon, iii. 338; Cary's Memorials of the Civil War; Gardiner's Civil War and Hist. of Commonwealth and Protectorate.]
