127). A month earlier Nicholas wrote: ‘I cannot wonder enough why my lord of Ormonde hath put his papers into Walsingham's hands to draw up and print, for doubtless, when it shall be known that they come through his hands, all honest men will value them the less’ (Nicholas Papers, i. 225). Nothing seems to have come of this proposal, and the rumour may have been false; but about the same time Walsingham sent as a present to Ormonde his ‘Arcana Aulica, or Walsingham's Manual of Prudential Maxims for the Statesman and the Courtier.’
This work has been generally attributed to Sir Francis Walsingham [q. v.], and many other fanciful conjectures have been made as to its authorship. Its original was an anonymous French work, ‘Traité de la Cour, ou Instruction des Courtisans,’ by Eustache du Refuge, a diplomatist and author in the reign of Henri IV. The first edition was published in Holland, the second at Paris, but the earliest known to be extant is the third, which appears in two parts at Paris (1619, 8vo; other editions 1622, 1631, and Leyden, 1649). It was reprinted as ‘Le Nouveau Traité de la Cour’ in 1664 and 1672, and as ‘Le Conseiller d'Estat’ in 1665. An English translation by John Reynolds, with a dedication to Prince Charles, was published in London in 1622 [see under Reynolds, John, (1584–1614)]. A Latin translation of the second part only, by Joachimus Pastorius, who was ignorant of its authorship, was published as ‘Aulicus Inculpatus’ at Amsterdam (Elzevir) in 1644; and this version was reissued by Elzevir in 1649. Walsingham's translation was made from a French manuscript copy, but he also was ignorant of Du Refuge's authorship and of Reynolds's translation, and his version comprises only the second part of the ‘Traité.’ Several additions are made, e.g. the allusions (p. 37) to Richelieu. In the printer's address it is said to have been ‘captured in an Irish pirate’ on its way to Ormonde. It was printed at London by James Young in 1652, 4to; a second edition appeared in 1655, and was reprinted in 1810, 12mo. In 1694 it was issued with Sir Robert Naunton's ‘Fragmenta Regalia;’ in 1722 an edition was published substituting ‘Instructions for Youth’ for the first part of the title, and giving different renderings of various passages from classical authors (reprinted 1728).
Meanwhile, in 1652, Walsingham was involved in a Roman catholic intrigue to remove Hyde from Charles II's service, but for some reason he revealed the scheme, which came to nothing (Clarendon, Rebellion, bk. xiv. § 65). On 13 Nov. 1654 Hatton described Walsingham as the Duke of Gloucester's ‘new servant (or rather compagnon) placed about him by Walter Montagu [q. v.]’; he was a ‘busy instrument of the jesuits,’ and their object was to convert Gloucester to Roman catholicism. The scheme failed, and Walsingham was forbidden to approach the duke [see Henry, Duke of Gloucester, (1639–1660)]. The last reference to Walsingham that has been traced is in 1659, when he was at Brussels (Cat. State Papers, Dom. 1658-9, p. 387). His name does not occur in the domestic state papers after the Restoration, and possibly, like his friend Walter Montagu, he entered some Roman catholic order and died abroad.
[Cal. State Papers, Dom.; Nicholas Papers (Camd. Soc.), vols. i. and ii. pass.; Carte's MSS. in Bodleian Libr.; Original Letters, 1739, 2 vols., and Life of Ormonde; Tanner MS. lx. 376, and Rawlinson MSS. passim, in Bodleian; Cal. Clarendon Papers, i. 309, ii, 135, 427, 436; Walpole's Royal and Noble Authors, iii. 193; Life of Sir Kenelm Digby, 1896, pp. 270–2; Walsingham's Works in Brit. Mus. Libr.; notes kindly supplied by Mr. G. W. Miller of Chislehurst; and authorities cited. In the Brit. Mus. Cat. the ‘Arcana Aulica’ is ascribed to Sir Francis.]
WALSINGHAM, FRANCIS (1530?–1590), statesman, was only son of William Walsingham. The father, who was second son of James Walsingham of Scadbury in the parish of Chislehurst, and was younger brother of Sir Edmund Walsingham [q. v.], was a London lawyer who took a prominent part in the affairs of Kent and of the city of London. In 1522 he was admitted an ancient of Gray's Inn, and he was autumn reader in 1530. In 1524 and 1534 he acted as a commissioner of the peace of Kent, and was subsequently undersheriff of the county. In 1526 the king and queen each sent him letters recommending him to the office of common serjeant of London, and his candidature was successful. In 1530 he was one of three commissioners appointed to make inquiry into the possessions of Cardinal Wolsey. In 1532 he was one of the two under-sheriffs of the city. He acquired by royal grant or purchase much property in the neighbourhood of Chislehurst. In 1529 he purchased Foot's Cray Manor. But he figured at the same date in a list of ‘debtors by especialities’ (that is by sealed bonds) to Thomas Cromwell. He died in March 1533–4. His will, dated 1 March 1533–4, was proved on the 23rd of the same month. He wished to be buried in the
