rubles"; it is like the g when the noun is animate: вы встретили этих четырёх красивых дёвушек? "did you meet those four pretty young ladies?" However, when the numbers 2, 3, 4 are at the end of a longer number, the a is even with animates like the n: мы видели двадцать два мальчика "we saw 22 boys"; only a pronominal adjective before the number has the a like the g: мы видели ваших двадцать два ученика "we saw your 22 pupils."
The numbers пять "5," шесть "6," семь, "7," восемь "8," девять "9," десять "10," двадцать "20," тридцать "30" inflect like S nouns of the fourth declension, with stress on the endings; the е in восемь is an inserted vowel: g, d, l пяти, восьми, двадцати; i пятью, восьмью, двадцатью. In multiplication there are also i forms stressed on the stem: пятью "5 times," восемью (with inserted vowel) "8 times."
The numbers одиннадцать "11," двенадцать "12," тринадцать "13," четырнадцать "14," пятнадцать "15," шестнадцать [šisnatc'tj] "16," семнадцать "17," восемнадцать "18," девятнадцать "19" have the same inflection, but stress the stem: g, d, l двенадцати, i двенадцатью.
The numbers пятьдесят "50," шестьдесйт [š'zdjisjat] "60," семьдесят "70," восемьдесят "80" inflect both parts, with stress on the ending of the first part, but with hard final [t] in the n forms: g, d, l пятидесяти, i пятьюдесятью.
The numbers сорок "40," девяносто "90," сто "100" have the ending [-a] in all forms except the n, stressed in сорок and сто: сорока, девяноста, ста. In noun-like use сто has also P forms of the third declension: n ста, g сот, d стам, i стами, l стах.
The numbers from 200 to 900 contain сто, inflected as a third declension noun; the stress is on the preceding number only when сто is in S form. In writing, the two words are usually run together. In the n двести "200" both parts are irregular in shape. Thus we have n триста, четыреста, пятьсот, шестьсот, семьсот, восемьсот, девятьсот; g двухсот, восьмисот; d двумстам, восьмистам; i двумястами, восьмьюстами; l двухстах, восьмистах.
In n expressions with the numbers from 5 to 900, nouns and adjectives are in gp form; only a pronominal adjective before the number is np: эти пять больших столов "these five big tables." In the other case forms all the words are in the same case: g от этих пяти больших столов "from these five big tables"; l на этих пяти больших столах "on these five big tables." The a of these expressions is like the n even with animates: я видел пять девушек "I saw five young women"; only a pronominal adjective before the number has a like g with animates: мы встретили этих пять девушек "we met those five young women."
Compound numbers inflect each part: n четыреста шестьдесят восемь рублей "468 rubles," i с четырьмястами шестьюдесятью восьмью рублями "with 468 rubles."
The number тысяча "1,000" is inflected like a F noun of declension one, except that the is is optionally тысячью. Nouns and adjectives that go with it are gp; less commonly, when тысяча is d, i, or l, they are in the same case: тысяча рублей "1,000 rubles"; i с тысячей (тысячью) рублей (less often рублями) "with 1,000 rubles"; две тысячи рублей "2,000 rubles"; пять тысяч рублей "5,000 rubles."
Higher units, like миллион "million," миллиард "thousand millions" (American "billion"), биллион "million millions" (British "billion") are treated as M nouns: миллион рублей "a million rubles," с пяью миллионами рублей "with 5 million rubles."
A number after its noun is approximate: года два "about two years."
Ordinal numbers, such as первый "first," втарой "second," четвёртый "fourth," пятый "fifth," шестой "sixth," сороковой "fortieth," пятидесятый "fiftieth," are regular adjectives; only третий "third" goes by §13. In compound numbers only the last part is ordinal: в тысяча девятсот сорок пятом году "in the year 1945."
There are collective numbers from 2 to 10: двое, трое, четверо, пятего, шестего, семеро, восьмеро, девятего, десятего. The n form are like N nouns; the other cases have P adjective endings, stressed. In n and a expressions accompanying words are in gp form; in the other cases they concord: двое братьев "two brothers," g двоих братьев, d двоим братьям. The a of animates is like the g: он встретил двоих товарищей "he met two comrades." There are a few special expressions such as втроём "three of them together." The collective numbers are used very largely with animate masculines: четверо сыновей "four sons," beside четыре сына. They are used with names of things that occur in pairs, meaning "so many pairs": у обезьян двое рук "monkeys have two pairs of hands." They are used with nouns that are P only: трое часов "three watches or clocks"; from 5 on, however, the ordinary numbers are here also used: пятеро ножниц "5 pairs of scissors" beside пять ножниц; in forms other than n (and a) the ordinary numbers are here more usual: с тремя часами "with three watches."
Fractions are половина "half," треть "third," четверть "quarter," F nouns: три четверти этих людей "three fourths of these people." The other fractions are the F forms of the ordinals (sometimes with част F part added): одна пятая километра "one fifth of a kilometer"; after 2 and higher numbers there are in gp form три пятых километра "three fifths of a kilometer." One often hears such expressions as два с половиной километра "two with a half (that is, two and one half) kilometers."
The number полтора "one and a half," F полторы, in the n (and a) form combines with a noun in gs form: полтора рубля "one and a half rubles," полторы недели "one and one half weeks." In the other cases it is полутора: с полутора рублями "with one and a half rubles"; около полтура тысяч "about one and a half thousand, about 1,500."
The number полтораста "150" has in the cases other than n (and a) optionally the form полутораста; nouns are in the gp form: полтораста рублей "150 rubles," с полутораста (or с полтораста) рублями "with 150 rubles."
For numbers after по, see §3l.
§23. COMPOUNDS OF QUESTION WORDS
The interrogative pronouns кто, что (§20), interrogative adjectives, such as который "which," какой "what kind, which," and other question words, such as где "where," куда "whereto," откуда "wherefrom," когда "when," как "how," сколко "how much, how many," are compounded with various other words.
With ни before them they make negative; the words are run together in writing unless a preposition comes between: никто
