Page:Dictionary of spoken Spanish (1945).djvu/11

GRAMMATICAL INTRODUCTION

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Reflexive
	se "yourself, himself, herself, itself"		se "yourselves, themselves"
Indirect Object
1.	me "to me"	1.	nos "to us"
2.	te "to you" (Fam)	2.	os "to you" (Fam)
3.	le "to you, to him, to her, to it"	3.	les "to you, to them"

These conjunctive pronouns may occur either singly or in groups of two. The occurrence of groups of two conjunctive pronouns is determined by the following rules:

a¹)If the pronoun se is present in the group, it always comes before the other conjunctive pronoun. When se is used in this way, it may have the meaning of:

aa)An unspecified actor: se dice "it is said"; se la trató bien "she was treated well".

bb)A third person object, either reflexive or not: se lo dice "he says it to him (her)", or "he (she) says it to himself (herself)".

b¹)If the pronoun se is not present, the first pronoun of the group has the meaning of an indirect object, and the second that of a direct object: me lo da "he gives it to me". Le, les may not occur as the first member of a group of conjunctive pronouns, their place being taken by se (see a¹. bb, above).

The conjunctive pronouns are placed after the verb they modify, and written together with it, in the following circumstances:

a²)After an infinitive or gerund: dárselo "to give it to him"; diciéndolo "saying it".

b²)After other verb forms, only in literary style or (to save money) in telegrams: fuíme "I went away".

With other verb forms than the infinitive and gerund, the conjunctive pronouns are usually placed before the verb and written as separate words: se lo da "he gives it to him"; me fuí "I went away".

1.22Demonstrative pronouns have three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. The neuter occurs only in the singular and is used only to refer to something abstract or already spoken of. The demonstrative pronouns are éste "this", ése "that" (near you), aquél "that" (over there), and the definite article (el, la, los, las, lo) with de and que, meaning respectively "that (those) of", "the one (ones) with (in, on)", "that (those) which", and "the one (ones) which".

The forms of these pronouns are:

sg	m	éste	ése	aquél	el de, el que
	f	ésta	ésa	aquélla	la de, la que
	neu	esto	eso	aquello	lo de, lo que
pl	m	éstos	ésos	aquéllos	los de, los que
	f	éstas	ésas	aquéllas	las de, las que

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