at Laibach, on the 18th of October 1634. Eggenberg’s influence with Ferdinand was so marked that it was commonly said that Austria rested upon three hills (Berge): Eggenberg, Questenberg and Werdenberg. He was richly rewarded for his services to the emperor. Having received many valuable estates in Bohemia and elsewhere, he was made a prince of the Empire in 1623, and duke of Krumau in 1625.
See H. von Zwiedineck-Südenhorst, Hans Ulrich, Fürst von Eggenberg (Vienna, 1880); and F. Mares, Beiträge zur Geschichte der Beziehungen des Fürsten J. U. von Eggenberg zu Kaiser Ferdinand II und zu Waldstein (Prague, 1893).
EGGER, ÉMILE (1813–1885), French scholar, was born in
Paris on the 18th of July 1813. From 1840 till 1855 he was
assistant professor, and from 1855 till his death professor of
Greek literature in the Faculté des Lettres at Paris University.
In 1854 he was elected a member of the Académie des Inscriptions
and in 1873 of the Conseil supérieur de l’instruction publique. He
was a voluminous writer, a sound and discerning scholar, and his
influence was largely responsible for the revival of the study of
classical philology in France. His most important works were
Essai sur l’histoire de la critique chez les Grecs (1849), Notions
élémentaires de grammaire comparée (1852), Apollonius Dyscole,
essai sur l’histoire des théories grammaticales dans l’antiquité (1854),
Mémoires de littérature ancienne (1862), Mémoires d’histoire
ancienne et de philologie (1863), Les Papyrus grecs du Musée du
Louvre et de la Bibliothèque Impériale (1865), Études sur les
traités publics chez les Grecs et les Romains (1866), L’Hellénisme en
France (1869), La Littérature grecque (1890). He was also the
author of Observations et réflexions sur le développement de l’intelligence
et du langage chez les enfants (1879). Egger died in
Paris on the 1st of September 1885.
EGGLESTON, EDWARD (1837–1902), American novelist and
historian, was born in Vevay, Indiana, on the 10th of December
1837, of Virginia stock. Delicate health, by which he was more
or less handicapped throughout his life, prevented his going to
college, but he was naturally a diligent student. He was a
Methodist circuit rider and pastor in Indiana and Minnesota
(1857–1866); associate editor (1866–1867) of The Little Corporal,
Chicago; editor of The National Sunday School Teacher, Chicago
(1867–1870); literary editor and later editor-in-chief of The
Independent, New York (1870–1871); and editor of Hearth and
Home in 1871–1872. He was pastor of the church of Christian
Endeavour, Brooklyn, in 1874–1879. From 1880 until his death
on the 2nd of September 1902, at his home on Lake George, New
York, he devoted himself to literary work. His fiction includes
Mr Blake’s Walking Stick (1869), for children; The Hoosier
Schoolmaster (1871); The End of the World (1872); The Mystery
of Metropolisville (1873); The Circuit Rider (1874); Roxy
(1878); The Hoosier Schoolboy (1883); The Book of Queer
Stories (1884), for children; The Graysons (1888), an excellent
novel; The Faith Doctor (1891); and Duffels (1893), short
stories. Most of his stories portray the pioneer manners and
dialect of the Central West, and the Hoosier Schoolmaster was one
of the first examples of American local realistic fiction; it was very
popular, and was translated into French, German and Danish.
During the last third of his life Eggleston laboured on a History of
Life in the United States, but he lived to finish only two volumes—The
Beginners of a Nation (1896) and The Transit of Civilization
(1900). In addition he wrote several popular compendiums of
American history for schools and homes.
See G. C. Eggleston, The First of the Hoosiers (Philadelphia, 1903), and Meredith Nicholson, The Hoosiers (1900).
His brother George Cary Eggleston (1839– ), American journalist and author, served in the Confederate army; was managing editor and later editor-in-chief of Hearth and Home (1871–1874); was literary editor of the New York Evening Post (1875–1881), literary editor and afterwards editor-in-chief of the New York Commercial Advertiser (1884–1889), and editorial writer for The World (New York) from 1889 to 1900. Most of his books are stories for boys; others, and his best, are romances dealing with life in the South especially in the Virginias and the Carolinas—before and during the Civil War. Among his publications may be mentioned: A Rebel’s Recollections (1874); The Last of the Flatboats (1900); Camp Venture (1900); A Carolina Cavalier (1901); Dorothy South (1902); The Master of Warlock (1903); Evelyn Byrd (1904); A Daughter of the South (1905); Blind Alleys (1906); Love is the Sum of it all (1907); History of the Confederate War (1910); and Recollections of a Varied Life (1910).
EGHAM, a town in the Chertsey parliamentary division of
Surrey, England, on the Thames, 21 m. W.S.W. of London by the
London & South Western railway. Pop. (1901) 11,895. The
church of St John the Baptist is a reconstruction of 1817; it
contains monuments by John Flaxman. Above the right bank of
the river a low elevation, Cooper’s Hill, commands fine views over
the valley, and over Windsor Great Park to the west. On the
hill was the Royal Indian Civil Engineering College, commonly
called Cooper’s Hill College, of which Sir George Tomkyns
Chesney was the originator and first president (1871). It
educated men for the public works, accounts, railways and
telegraph departments of India, and included a school of forestry;
but it was decided, in the face of some opposition, to close it in
1906, on the theory that it was unnecessary for a college with
such a specialized object to be maintained by the government, in
view of the readiness with which servants for these departments
could be recruited elsewhere. Part of the organization, including
the school of forestry, was transferred to Oxford University.
Cooper’s Hill gives name to a famous poem of Sir John Denham
(1642). A large and handsome building houses the Royal
Holloway College for Women (1886), founded by Thomas
Holloway; in the neighbourhood is the sanatorium of the same
founder (1885) for the treatment of mental ailments, accommodating
about 250 patients. The college for women, surrounded by
extensive grounds, commands a wide view from the wooded slope
on which it stands. The recreation hall, with its fine art collection,
is the most notable room in this handsome building, which
can receive 250 students. Within the parish, bordering the river,
is the field of Runnymede, which, with Magna Charta Island
lying off it, is famous in connexion with the signature of the
charter by King John. Virginia Water, a large and picturesque
artificial lake to the south of Windsor Great Park, is much
frequented by visitors. It was formed under the direction of the
duke of Cumberland, about 1750, and was the work of the
brothers Thomas and Paul Sandby.
EGIN (Armenian Agn, “the spring”), an important town in
the Mamuret el-Aziz vilayet of Asiatic Turkey (altitude 3300 ft.).
Pop. about 20,000, fairly equally divided between Armenian
Christians and Moslems. It is picturesquely situated in a theatre
of lofty, abrupt rocks, on the right bank of the western Euphrates,
which is crossed by a wooden bridge. The stone houses stand in
terraced gardens and orchards, and the streets are mere rock
ladders. Egin was settled by Armenians who emigrated from
Van in the 11th century with Senekherim. On the 8th of
November 1895 and in the summer of 1896 many Armenians were
massacred here. (D. G. H.)
EGLANTINE (E. Frisian, egeltiere; Fr. aiglantier), a plant-name
of which Dr R. C. A. Prior (Popular Names of British
Plants, p. 70) says that it “has been the subject of much discussion,
both as to its exact meaning and as to the shrub to
which it properly belongs.” The eglantine of the herbalists was
the sweet-brier, Rosa rubiginosa. The signification of the word
seems to be thorn-tree or thorn-bush, the first two syllables
probably representing the Anglo-Saxon egla, egle, a prick or thorn,
while the termination is the Dutch tere, taere, a tree. Eglantine is
frequently alluded to in the writings of English poets, from
Chaucer downwards. Milton, in L’Allegro, is thought by the
term “twisted eglantine” to denote the honeysuckle, Lonicera
Periclymenum, which is still known as eglantine in north-east
Yorkshire.
EGLINTON, EARLS OF. The title of earl of Eglinton has been
held by the famous Scottish family of Montgomerie since 1508.
The attempts made to trace the descent of this house to Roger of
Montgomery, earl of Shrewsbury (d. 1094), one of William the
Conqueror’s followers, will not bear examination, and the sure
pedigree of the family only begins with Sir John Montgomerie,
lord of Eaglesham, who fought at the battle of Otterbourne in
