and forms vol. v. of the Political History of England, ed. W. Hunt
and R. L. Poole (London, 1906); P. Friedmann, Anne Boleyn
(London, 1884), an important work; W. H. Frere, History of the
English Church, 1558–1625, ed. W. R. W. Stephens and W. Hunt
(1904), scholarly; J. A. Froude, History of England (1527–1588), a
work of literary beauty, research and historical grasp, from an anti-ecclesiastical
standpoint, with some blemishes, but of increasing
value after the reign of Henry VIII. (12 vols., London, 1856–1870,
cheap editions, 1881–1882, 1893); J. Gairdner, History of the English
Church, Henry VIII. to Mary, ed. Stephens and Hunt (London,
1902), by the highest authority on the period; H. E. Jacobs, The
Lutheran Movement in England (Philadelphia, 1890), chiefly on
progressive doctrinal change; A. F. Pollard, Henry VIII. (London,
with illustrations 1902, with references 1905), an excellent general
history of the reign, England under Protector Somerset (London,
1900), and Life of Cranmer (London, 1904). For Rebellion Period:
Contemporary and early: State Papers, Domestic, 1625–1649, ed.
J. Bruce, W. D. Hamilton, Mrs S. C. Lomas (23 vols.), from 1649,
ed. E. Green (13 vols.), and Calendars of Committees for Plundered
Ministers, &c., all Record Publ.; Constitutional Documents of the
Puritan Revolution, ed. S. R. Gardiner (Oxford, 1899); J. Evelyn,
Diary, ed. A. Dobson (3 vols., London, 1906); also ed. W. Bray
and ed. H. B. Wheatley; J. Hacket, Scrinia reserata, Life of Archbishop
Williams (London, 1715); P. Heylyn, Cyprianus Anglicanus,
Life of Archbishop Laud (Dublin, 1668); W. Laud, Works, ed. W.
Scott and W. Bliss, Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology (7 vols.,
Oxford, 1847–1860); J. Milton, various Prose Works, ed. C. Symmons
(7 vols., London, 1806); Puritan Visitations of Oxford, ed. M.
Burrows (Camden Soc., 1881). Later: W. H. Hutton, History of
the English Church, 1625–1714, ed. Stephen and Hunt (London,
1903), and William Laud (London, 1895); S. R. Gardiner, History
of England, under various titles, 1603–1657 (London, 1863–1903),
and cr. 8vo edition begun 1883, a work of vast research and learning,
contains fair and careful accounts of religious matters; D. Masson,
Life of Milton (7 vols., London, 1859–1894); D. Neal, History of the
Puritans, ed. J. Toulmin (3 vols., 1837); W. A. Shaw, The English
Church, 1640–1660 (2 vols., London, 1900), and on the Westminster
Assembly, Cambridge Modern History, iv. c. 12 (Cambridge, 1906);
J. Stoughton, Ecclesiastical History of England, Civil Wars, &c.
(4 vols., London, 1867–1870), by a dissenting divine, a careful and
unprejudiced history; J. Walker, Sufferings of the Clergy (London,
1714). For Restoration and Revolution Period: R. Baxter,
Reliquiae Baxterianae, ed. M. Sylvester (London, 1696); and E.
Calamy, Abridgment of Life of Baxter (2 vols., 1713); R. Bentley,
Life of Bishop Stillingfleet, with Works in 6 vols. (London, 1710);
Bishop G. Burnet, History of his Own Time (6 vols., Oxford, 1783);
G. Doyly, Life of Archbishop Sancroft (2 vols., London, 1821); W.
Kennett (Bishop), Compleat History, vol. iii. (London, 1710); T.
Lathbury, History of the Nonjurors (London, 1843); T. B. Macaulay,
History of England (5 vols., London, 1858–1861); Magdalen College
and James II., ed. J. R. Bloxam, Oxford Historical Society (Oxford,
1886); R. Nelson, Life of Bishop Bull, ed. Burton (Oxford, 1827);
J. H. Overton, The Nonjurors (London, 1902), and Life in the English
Church, 1660–1714 (2 vols., London, 1885); E. H. Plumptre, Life of
Bishop Ken (2 vols., London, 1888); I. Walton, Lives (Bishop G.
Morley and others) (London, 1898, and frequently). For 18th
century: C. J. Abbey, The English Church and its Bishops, 1700–1800
(2 vols., London, 1887); C. J. Abbey and J. H. Overton, The
English Church in the 18th Century (London, revised ed., 1887), a
pleasant and useful book; R. Cecil, Life of John Newton (London,
1827); A. C. Fraser, Life of Bishop Berkeley, vol. iv. of Works
(Oxford, 1871); Lord Hervey, Memoirs of the Reign of George II.,
ed. J. W. Croker (3 vols., London, 1884); A. H. Hore, The Church
of England from William III. to Victoria (2 vols., Oxford, 1886);
J. Hunt, Religious Thought in England (3 vols., London, 1873);
Huntingdon, Selina, Countess of, Life and Times (2 vols., London,
1839–1840); J. Keble, Life of Bishop Wilson (Oxford, 1863):
W. E. H. Lecky, History of England in the 18th Century, vols. i.-iii.
and v. (8 vols., London, 1879–1890); Bishop T. Newton, Autobiography,
with Works (6 vols., London, 1787); J. H. Overton and
F. Relton, History of the English Church, 1714–1800, ed. Stephens
and Hunt (London, 1906); W. Roberts, Memoir of Hannah More
(4 vols., London, 1834); W. A. Spooner, Bishop Butler (London,
1891); Sir J. Stephen, Essays in Ecclesiastical Biography (2 vols.,
London, 1853), for an account of the Evangelicals early in the 19th
century; Sir L. Stephen, English Thought in the 18th Century (2 vols.,
London, 1881), for theological controversies; H. Thompson, Life of
Hannah More (London, 1838); R. Watson, Anecdotes of the Life of
Bishop R. Watson (2 vols., London, 1818), presents a curious picture
of a bishop’s life 1782–1816; R. and S. Wilberforce, Memoir of W.
Wilberforce (5 vols., London, 1838). See under Methodism;
Wesley (family); and Whitefield, George.
For the Oxford Movement and onwards: A. W. Benn, English Rationalism in the 19th Century (2 vols., London, 1906); A. C. Benson, Life of Archbishop E. W. Benson (2 vols., London, 1899); J. W. Burgon, Lives of Twelve Good Men (2 vols., London, 1888); R. W. Church, History of the Oxford Movement (London, 1891); J. T. Coleridge, Life of Keble (Oxford, 1869); R. T. Davidson and W. Benham, Life of Archbishop A. C. Tait (2 vols., London, 1892); H. P. Liddon and J. O. Johnston, Life of Pusey (4 vols., London, 1893–1895); T. Mozley, Reminiscences of Oriel and the Oxford Movement (2 vols., London, 1882); J. H. Newman, Apologia pro Vita sua (London, 1864); R. Prothero, Correspondence of Dean A. P. Stanley (2 vols., London, 1893); R. G. Wilberforce and A. Ashwell, Life of Bishop S. Wilberforce (3 vols., London, 1879) Report of the Royal Commission on Ecclesiastical Courts (1883), and Report of the Royal Commission on Ecclesiastical Discipline (1906), both H.M. Stationery Office; Official Year Book of the Church of England, S.P.C.K. (1906). (W. Hu.)
ENGLEFIELD, SIR FRANCIS (c. 1520–1596), English Roman
Catholic politician, born probably about 1520, was the eldest son
of Sir Thomas Englefield of Englefield, Berkshire, justice of the
common pleas. His mother was Elizabeth, daughter of Sir
Robert Throckmorton, one of the well-known Catholic family of
Coughton, Warwickshire. Francis, who succeeded his father in
1537, was too young to have taken any part in the opposition to
the abolition of the Roman jurisdiction and dissolution of the
monasteries; and he acquiesced in these measures to the extent
of taking the oath of royal supremacy, serving as sheriff of
Berkshire and Oxfordshire in 1546–1547, and accepting in 1545 a
grant of the manor of Tilehurst, which had belonged to Reading
Abbey. He was even knighted at the coronation of Edward VI.
in February 1547. But the progress of the Reformation during
that reign alienated him, and he attached his fortunes to the
cause of the princess Mary, whose service he entered before
1551. In August of that year he was sent to the Tower for
permitting Mass to be celebrated in Mary’s household. He was
released in the following March, and permitted to resume his
duties in Mary’s service. But in February 1553 he was again
summoned before the privy council, and may have been in
confinement at the crisis of July; perhaps he was only released
on Mary’s triumph, for his name does not appear among those
who exerted themselves on her behalf before the middle of
August. He was then sworn a member of the privy council like
many others who owed their promotion to their loyalty rather
than to their political abilities. Their numbers swelled the privy
council and sadly impaired its efficiency; but Mary resisted the
various attempts to get rid of them because she liked staunch
friends, and regarded them as a salutary check upon the abler but
less scrupulous members who had served Edward VI. as well as
herself. Englefield sat as M.P. for Berkshire in all Mary’s
parliaments except that of April 1554, but received no higher
political office than the lucrative mastership of the court of
wards.
He was an ardent believer in persecution, was present at Hooper’s trial, sought Ascham’s ruin, and naturally lost his office and his seat on the privy council at Elizabeth’s succession. He retired to the continent before May 1559, and from that time until his death was an active participant in all schemes for the restoration of Roman Catholicism. At first his ideas took such comparatively mild forms as inducing the pope to send a legate to persuade Elizabeth to return to the fold; but gradually they grew more violent and treasonable, until Englefield became the close confidant of Cardinal Allen, Parsons and the “jesuited” Catholics, who advocated forcible intervention by Spain and the succession of the infanta; in 1585 Englefield thought that Mary’s succession, peaceful or other, would not be satisfactory unless it were owing to Spanish support and she were dependent on Philip. Englefield lived first at Rome, then in the Low Countries, and finally at Valladolid. He was blind for the last twenty years of his life, and received a pension of six hundred crowns from Philip. He had been outlawed in 1564 and his estates sequestered, but they were not forfeited until 1585, when an act of attainder was passed against Englefield. Even then some legal difficulties stood in the way of their appropriation by the crown, for Englefield, obviously with an eye to this contingency, had conditionally settled them on his nephew Francis. The long arguments on the point are given in Coke’s Reports, and a further act was passed in 1592 confirming the forfeiture to the crown. The nephew, however, eventually recovered some of the family estates, and was created a baronet in 1612. His uncle was alive in September 1596, but apparently died at Valladolid about the end of that year. His tomb there used to be shown to visitors as that of an eminent man.
