published a Recueil des énigmes de ce temps. The word is applied figuratively to anything inexplicable or difficult of understanding.
ENKHUIZEN, a seaport of Holland in the province of North
Holland, on the Zuider Zee, and a railway terminus, 1112 m. N.E.
by E. of Hoorn, with which it is also connected by steam tramway.
In conjunction with the railway service there is a steamboat
ferry to Stavoren in Friesland. Pop. (1900) 6865. Enkhuizen,
like its neighbour Hoorn, exhibits many interesting examples
of domestic architecture dating from the 16th and 17th centuries,
when it was an important and flourishing city. The façades of
the houses are usually built in courses of brick and stone, and
adorned with carvings, sculptures and inscriptions. Some
ruined gateways belonging to the old city walls are still standing;
among them being the tower-gateway called the Dromedary
(1540), which overlooks the harbour. The tower contains several
rooms, one of which was formerly used as a prison. Among the
churches mention must be made of the Zuiderkerk, or South
church, with a conspicuous tower (1450–1525); and the Westerkerk,
or West church, which possesses a beautifully carved
Renaissance screen and pulpit of the middle of the 16th century,
and a quaint wooden bell-house (1519) built for use before the
completion of the bell-tower. There are also a Roman Catholic
church and a synagogue. The picturesque town hall (1688)
contains some finely decorated rooms with paintings by Johan
van Neck, a collection of local antiquities and the archives.
Other interesting buildings are the orphanage (1616), containing
some 17th and 18th century portraits and ancient leather
hangings; the weigh-house (1559), the upper story of which
was once used by the Surgeons’ Gild, several of the window-panes
(dating chiefly from about 1640), being decorated with
the arms of various members; the former mint (1611); and the
ancient assembly-house of the dike-reeves of Holland and West
Friesland. Enkhuizen possesses a considerable fishing fleet and
has some shipbuilding and rope-making, as well as market
traffic.
ENNEKING, JOHN JOSEPH (1841– ), American landscape
painter, was born, of German ancestry, in Minster, Ohio, on the
4th of October 1841. He was educated at Mount St Mary’s
College, Cincinnati, served in the American Civil War in 1861–1862,
studied art in New York and Boston, and gave it up
because his eyes were weak, only to return to it after failing in
the manufacture of tinware. In 1873–1876 he studied in Munich
under Schleich and Leier, and in Paris under Daubigny and
Bonnat; and in 1878–1879 he studied in Paris again and sketched
in Holland. Enneking is a “plein-airist,” and his favourite
subject is the “November twilight” of New England, and more
generally the half lights of early spring, late autumn, and winter
dawn and evening.
ENNIS (Gaelic, Innis, an island; Irish, Ennis and Inish), the
county town of Co. Clare, Ireland, in the east parliamentary
division, on the river Fergus, 25 m. W.N.W. from Limerick by
the Great Southern & Western railway. Pop. of urban district
(1901) 5093. It is the junction for the West Clare line. Ennis
has breweries, distilleries and extensive flour-mills; and in the
neighbourhood limestone is quarried. The principal buildings
are the Roman Catholic church, which is the pro-cathedral
of the diocese of Killaloe; the parish church formed out of the
ruins of the Franciscan Abbey, founded in 1240 by Donough
Carbrac O’Brien; a school on the foundation of Erasmus Smith,
and various county buildings. The abbey, though greatly
mutilated, is full of interesting details, and includes a lofty
tower, a marble screen, a chapter-house, a notable east window,
several fine tombs and an altar of St Francis. On the site of the
old court-house a colossal statue in white limestone of Daniel
O’Connell was erected in 1865. The interesting ruins of Clare
Abbey, founded in 1194 by Donnell O’Brien, king of Munster,
are half-way between Ennis and the village of Clare Castle.
O’Brien also founded Killone Abbey, beautifully situated on the
lough of the same name, 3 m. S. of the town, possessing the
unusual feature of a crypt and a holy well. Five miles N.W.
of Ennis is Dysert O’Dea, with interesting ecclesiastical remains,
a cross, a round tower and a castle. Ennis was incorporated in
1612, and returned two members to the Irish parliament until
the Union, and thereafter one to the Imperial parliament until
1885.
ENNISCORTHY, a market town of Co. Wexford, Ireland,
in the north parliamentary division, on the side of a steep hill
above the Slaney, which here becomes navigable for barges of
large size. Pop. of urban district (1901) 5458. It is 7712 m.
S. by W. from Dublin by the Dublin & South-Eastern railway.
There are breweries and flour-mills; tanning, distilling and
woollen manufactures are also prosecuted to some extent, and
the town is the centre of the agricultural trade for the district,
which is aided by the water communication with Wexford.
There are important fowl markets and horse-fairs. Enniscorthy
was taken by Cromwell in 1649, and in 1798 was stormed and
burned by the rebels, whose main forces encamped on an eminence
called Vinegar Hill, which overlooks the town from the
east. The old castle of Enniscorthy, a massive square pile with
a round tower at each corner, is one of the earliest military
structures of the Anglo-Norman invaders, founded by Raymond
le Gros (1176). Ferns, the next station to Enniscorthy on the
railway towards Dublin, was the seat of a former bishopric,
and the modernized cathedral, and ruins of a church, an Augustinian
monastery founded by Dermod Mac-Morrough about
1160, and a castle of the Norman period, are still to be seen.
Enniscorthy was incorporated by James I., and sent two members
to the Irish parliament until the Union.
ENNISKILLEN, WILLIAM WILLOUGHBY COLE, 3rd Earl
of (1807–1886), British palaeontologist, was born on the 25th
of January 1807, and educated at Harrow and Christ Church,
Oxford. As Lord Cole he early began to devote his leisure to
the study and collection of fossil fishes, with his friend Sir Philip
de M. G. Egerton, and he amassed a fine collection at Florence
Court, Enniskillen—including many specimens that were
described and figured by Agassiz and Egerton. This collection
was subsequently acquired by the British Museum. He died on
the 21st of November 1886, being succeeded by his son (b. 1845)
as 4th earl.
The first of the Coles (an old Devonshire and Cornwall family) to settle in Ireland was Sir William Cole (d. 1653), who was “undertaker” of the northern plantation and received a grant of a large property in Fermanagh in 1611, and became provost and later governor of Enniskillen. In 1760 his descendant John Cole (d. 1767) was created Baron Mountflorence, and the latter’s son, William Willoughby Cole (1736–1803), was in 1776 created Viscount Enniskillen and in 1789 earl. The 1st earl’s second son, Sir Galbraith Lowry Cole (1772–1842), was a prominent general in the Peninsular War, and colonel of the 27th Inniskillings, the Irish regiment with whose name the family was associated.
ENNISKILLEN [Inniskilling], a market town and the county
town of county Fermanagh, Ireland, in the north parliamentary
division, picturesquely situated on an island in the river connecting
the upper and lower loughs Erne, 116 m. N.W. from Dublin
by the Great Northern railway. Pop. of urban district (1901)
5412. The town occupies the whole island, and is connected
with two suburbs on the mainland on each side by two bridges.
It has a brewery, tanneries and a small manufactory of cutlery,
and a considerable trade in corn, pork and flax. In 1689 Enniskillen
defeated a superior force sent against it by James II. at
the battle of Crom; and part of the defenders of the town were
subsequently formed into a regiment of cavalry, which still
retains the name of the Inniskilling Dragoons. The town was
incorporated by James I., and returned two members to the Irish
parliament until the Union; thereafter it returned one to the
Imperial parliament until 1885. There are wide communications
by water by the river and the upper and lower loughs Erne,
and by the Ulster canal to Belfast. The loughs contain trout,
large pike and other coarse fish. Two miles from Enniskillen
in the lower lough is Devenish Island, with its celebrated monastic
remains. The abbey of St Mary here was founded by St Molaise
(Laserian) in the 6th century; here too are a fine round tower
85 ft. high, remains of domestic buildings, a holed stone and a
tall well-preserved cross. The whole is carefully preserved by
