a number of steamboat lines supply daily services to Toronto and other lake ports. Entrance into the broad bay is obtained through a short canal intersecting Burlington Beach, which is crossed by two swing bridges, whereof one—that of the Grand Trunk railway—is among the largest of its kind in the world. Burlington Beach is lined with cottages occupied by the city residents during the hot summer months. Hamilton is rich in public institutions. The educational equipment comprises a normal college, collegiate institute, model school and more than a score of public schools, for the most part housed in handsome stone and brick buildings. There are four hospitals, and the asylum for the insane is the largest in Canada. There is an excellent public library, and in the same building with it a good art school. Hamilton boasts of a number of parks, Dundurn Castle Park, containing several interesting relics of the war of 1812, being the finest, and, as it is practically within the city limits, it is a great boon to the people. Gore Park, in the centre of the city, is used for concerts, given by various bands, one of which has gained an international reputation. Since its incorporation in 1833 the history of Hamilton has shown continuous growth. In 1836 the population was 2846; In 1851, 10,248; in 1861, 19,096; in 1871, 26,880; in 1881, 36,661; in 1891, 48,959; and in 1901, 52,634. The Anglican bishop of Niagara has his seat here, and also a Roman Catholic bishop. Hamilton returns two members to the Provincial parliament and two to the Dominion.
HAMILTON, a municipal and police burgh of Lanarkshire,
Scotland. Pop. (1891), 24,859; (1901), 32,775. It is situated
about 1 m. from the junction of the Avon with the Clyde, 1034 m.
S.E. of Glasgow by road, and has stations on the Caledonian and
North British railways. The town hall in the Scottish Baronial
style has a clock-tower 130 ft. high, and the county buildings
are in the Grecian style. Among the subjects of antiquarian
interest are Queenzie Neuk, the spot where Queen Mary rested
on her journey to Langside, the old steeple and pillory built
in the reign of Charles I., the Mote Hill, the old Runic cross,
and the carved gateway in the palace park. In the churchyard
there is a monument to four covenanters who suffered at Edinburgh,
on the 7th of December 1600, whose heads were buried
here. Among the industries are manufactures of cotton, lace
and embroidered muslins, and carriage-building, and there are
also large market gardens, the district being famed especially
for its apples, and some dairy-farming; but the prosperity of
the town depends chiefly upon the coal and ironstone of the
surrounding country, which is the richest mineral field in Scotland.
Hamilton originated in the 15th century under the
protecting influence of the lords of Hamilton, and became a
burgh of barony in 1456 and a royal burgh in 1548. The latter
rights were afterwards surrendered and it was made the chief
burgh of the regality and dukedom of Hamilton in 1668, the third
marquess having been created duke in 1643. It unites with
Airdrie, Falkirk, Lanark and Linlithgow to form the Falkirk
district of burghs, which returns one member to parliament.
Immediately east of the town is Hamilton palace, the seat of the duke of Hamilton and Brandon, premier peer of Scotland. It occupies most of the site of the original burgh of Netherton. The first mansion was erected at the end of the 16th century and rebuilt about 1710, to be succeeded in 1822–1829 by the present palace, a magnificent building in the classical style. Its front is a specimen of the enriched Corinthian architecture, with a projecting pillared portico after the style of the temple of Jupiter Stator at Rome, 264 ft. in length and 60 ft. in height. Each of the twelve pillars of the portico is a single block of stone, quarried at Dalserf, midway between Hamilton and Lanark, and required thirty horses to draw it to its site. The interior is richly decorated and once contained the finest collection of paintings in Scotland, but most of them, together with the Hamilton and Beckford libraries, were sold in 1882. Within the grounds, which comprise nearly 1500 acres, is the mausoleum erected by the 10th duke, a structure resembling in general design that of the emperor Hadrian at Rome, being a circular building springing from a square basement, and enclosing a decorated octagonal chapel, the door of which is a copy in bronze of Ghiberti’s gates at Florence. At Barncluith, 1 m. S.E. of the town, may be seen the Dutch gardens which were laid down in terraces on the steep banks of the Avon. Their quaint shrubbery and old-fashioned setting render them attractive. They were planned in 1583 by John Hamilton, an ancestor of Lord Belhaven, and now belong to Lord Ruthven. About 2 m. S.E. of Hamilton, within the western High Park, on the summit of a precipitous rock 200 ft. in height, the foot of which is washed by the Avon, stand the ruins of Cadzow Castle, the subject of a spirited ballad by Sir Walter Scott. The castle had been a royal residence for at least two centuries before Bannockburn (1314), but immediately after the battle Robert Bruce granted it to Sir Walter FitzGilbert Hamilton, the son of the founder of the family, in return for the fealty. Near it is the noble chase with its ancient oaks, the remains of the Caledonian Forest, where are still preserved some of the aboriginal breed of wild cattle. Opposite Cadzow Castle, in the eastern High Park, on the right bank of the Avon, is Chatelherault, consisting of stables and offices, and imitating in outline the palace of that name in France.
HAMILTON, a village of Madison county, New York, U.S.A.,
about 29 m. S.W. of Utica. Pop. (1890), 1744; (1900), 1627;
(1905) 1522; (1910) 1689. It is served by the New York, Ontario
& Western railway. Hamilton is situated in a productive
agricultural region, and has a large trade in hops; among its
manufactures are canned vegetables, lumber and knit goods.
There are several valuable stone quarries in the vicinity. The
village owns and operates its water-supply and electric-lighting
system. Hamilton is the seat of Colgate University, which was
founded in 1819, under the name of the Hamilton Literary and
Theological Institution, as a training school for the Baptist
ministry, was chartered as Madison University in 1846, and
was renamed in 1890 in honour of the Colgate family, several
of whom, especially William (1783–1857), the soap manufacturer,
and his sons, James Boorman (1818–1904), and Samuel
(1822–1897), were its liberal benefactors. In 1908–1909 it had
a university faculty of 33 members, 307 students in the college,
60 in the theological department, and 134 in the preparatory
department, and a library of 54,000 volumes, including the
Baptist Historical collection (about 5000 vols.) given by Samuel
Colgate. The township in which the village is situated and
which bears the same name (pop. in 1910, 3825) was settled
about 1790 and was separated from the township of Paris in
1795. The village was incorporated in 1812.
HAMILTON, a city and the county-seat of Butler county, Ohio, U.S.A., on both sides of the Great Miami river, 25 m. N.
of Cincinnati. Pop. (1890), 17,565; (1900), 23,914, of whom
2949 were foreign-born; (1910 census), 35,279. It is served
by the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton, and the Pittsburg,
Cincinnati, Chicago & St Louis railways, and by interurban
electric lines connecting with Cincinnati, Dayton and Toledo.
The valley in which Hamilton is situated is noted for its fertility.
The city has a fine public square and the Lane free library (1866);
the court house is its most prominent public building. A
hydraulic canal provides the city with good water power, and
in 1905, in the value of its factory products ($13,992,574,
being 31.3% more than in 1900), Hamilton ranked tenth among
the cities of the state. Its most distinctive manufactures are
paper and wood pulp; more valuable are foundry and machine
shop products; other manufactures are safes, malt liquors,
flour, woollens, Corliss engines, carriages and wagons and
agricultural implements. The municipality owns and operates
the water-works, electric-lighting plant and gas plant. A
stockade fort was built here in 1791 by General Arthur Saint
Clair, but it was abandoned in 1796, two years after the place
had been laid out as a town and named Fairfield. The town
was renamed, in honour of Alexander Hamilton, about 1796.
In 1803 Hamilton was made the county-seat; in 1810 it was
incorporated as a village; in 1854 it annexed the town of
Rossville on the opposite side of the river; and in 1857 it was
made a city. In 1908, by the annexation of suburbs, the area
and the population of Hamilton were considerably increased.
Hamilton was the early home of William Dean Howells, whose
recollections of it are to be found in his A Boy’s Town; his
father’s anti-slavery sentiments made it necessary for him to
sell his printing office, where the son had learned to set type in
his teens, and to remove to Dayton.
HAMIRPUR, a town and district of British India, in the
Allahabad division of the United Provinces. The town stands
on a tongue of land near the confluence of the Betwa and Jumna,
